{"text_format":"1","workbook":"xlsx","n_sheets":38,"sheets":["At a glance ","STRUCTURE OF EMPLOYMENT","Total employed 2001-24","Employment by contract.2017-24","ORGANISATIONS","Trade un. +empl.orgs.12-24","Trade unions","Trade union membership.1995-23","Number of unions.24","Consawu affiliates by sector.24","Cosatu affiliates.24","Fedusa affiliates.24","Nactu affiliates.24","Saftu affiliates.24","Employer organisations","Employer orgs.95-2023","EMPLOYEE WELFARE","Salaries","Salary negotiations.2016-24","Wage settlements","Wage settlement&inflation.98-23","Employee benefits.","Bargaining& statutory councils","Employees benefits.access 16-24","Bargaining council.96-24","Priv sect bargain councils.24","Local gvt bargainin councils.24","Statutory Councils 2024","Strikes","Protect&unprotect.strikes.14-23","Top five strikes.duration.23","Top fiv strikes.workdayslost.23","Strike.workdayslost.79-23","Strike triggers.87-23","Working days lost by union.23","Work stoppages","Work stoppages.09-23","Work stoppages+employees.17-23"],"not_rendered":{"charts":7,"images":0,"macros":0,"external_links":0,"defined_names":10,"comments":0,"pivot_tables":0},"unopened":[],"bounds":{"document_bytes":16777216,"sheet_cells":100000,"rows_first":2000,"rows_last":500,"rows_between":2000,"halvings":0,"cell_chars":16384,"cell_head_chars":4096},"cells_cut":0,"cells_raw":0,"read":"whole","date_system":"1900"}

{"sheet":"At a glance ","index":0,"n_rows":32,"n_cols":3,"rows_kept":32,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[1,1,1,2],[3,1,3,2],[5,1,5,2]]}
[]
[null,"INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS"]
[]
[null,"Anlu Keeve"]
[]
[null,"At a glancea"]
[null,"Number of employed people (2024)","16.65m"]
[null,"— Proportion in formal (non-agricultural) sector",0.68899999999999995]
[null,"— Proportion in informal (non-agricultural) sector",0.188]
[null,"— Proportion in agriculture (formal and informal) sector",5.3999999999999999E-2]
[null,"— Proportion in private households",7.0000000000000007E-2]
[null,"Proportion of employees on a permanent contract/agreement (2024)",0.6]
[null,"Change in number of employees on a permanent contract/agreement (2019-24)",-5.0000000000000001E-3]
[null,"Proportion of employees on a limited contract/agreement (2024)",0.14699999999999999]
[null,"Change in number of employees on a limited contract/agreement (2019-24)",0.122]
[null,"Proportion of employees with access to paid sick leave (2024)",0.72399999999999998]
[null,"Proportion of employees with access to medical aid (2024)",0.307]
[null,"Number of active registered trade unions (2023/24)",216]
[null,"Change in active registered trade unions (1995/96-2023/24)",-0.129]
[null,"Trade union membership (2020/21)","3.11m"]
[null,"— as proportion of total employment (2020/21)",0.2]
[null,"— as a proportion of economically active population (2020/21)",0.13200000000000001]
[null,"Change in trade union membership (2019/20-2020/21)",-0.23200000000000001]
[null,"Union with highest number of affiliates — FEDUSA (2024) ",20]
[null,"Union with lowest number of affiliates — CONSAWU (2024) ",3]
[null,"Number of registered employer organisations (2023/24)",145]
[null,"Average wage settlement ",6.3E-2]
[null,"Total number of work stoppages ",97]
[null,"Working days lost to strikes ","4.9m"]
[null,"Union with the biggest share of working days lost to strike action (PSA, NEHAWU and Others)",0.94899999999999995]
[null,"Proportion of strikes unprotected ",0.42]
[null,"a Figures are for 2023, unless otherwise indicated in brackets."]

{"sheet":"STRUCTURE OF EMPLOYMENT","index":1,"n_rows":0,"n_cols":0,"rows_kept":0,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}

{"sheet":"Total employed 2001-24","index":2,"n_rows":14,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":14,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[13,0,13,4],[5,1,5,3],[5,4,5,6],[1,0,1,6],[3,0,3,6],[12,0,12,6]]}
[]
["STRUCTURE OF EMPLOYMENT"]
[]
["Total employed, 2008 and 2024"]
[]
[null,"—Number employed— ",null,null,"Proportion of total —employeda—"]
["Sector",2008,2023,2024,2008,2023,2024]
["Formal (non-agricultural)",9415000,11329000,11467000,0.68577463762837787,{"$f":"C8/C12","v":0.69307475835066679},{"$f":"D8/D12","v":0.6886259908719673}]
["Informal (non-agricultural)",2340000,3029000,3129000,0.17044212979823731,{"$f":"C9/C12","v":0.18530527346139727},{"$f":"D9/D12","v":0.18790535671390823}]
["Agriculture (formal and informal)",790000,894000,896000,5.7542428436157041E-2,{"$f":"C10/C12","v":5.469227945674783E-2},{"$f":"D10/D12","v":5.3807350468412202E-2}]
["Private households",1185000,1093000,1160000,8.6313642654235564E-2,{"$f":"C11/C12","v":6.686651168481586E-2},{"$f":"D11/D12","v":6.9661301945712226E-2}]
["Total",13729000,16346000,16652000,1,1,{"$f":"D12/D12","v":1}]
["Source: Statistics South Africa (Stats SA), Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) Quarter 1 and Quarter 2, 2008, 28 August 2008, Table A, pv; QLFS Quarter 2: 2022, 23 August 2022, p2; QLFS Quarter 2: 2023, 21 August 2023, p1; QLFS Quarter 2: 2024, 13 August 2024, p1"]
["a CRA calculations."]

{"sheet":"Employment by contract.2017-24","index":3,"n_rows":17,"n_cols":8,"rows_kept":17,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[16,1,16,7],[1,1,1,7],[18,1,18,7]]}
[]
[null,"Employment by nature of contract/agreement, 2017-24"]
[]
[null,"Nature of contract/agreement",2017,2019,2021,2023,2024,"Change\n2017-24"]
[null,"Male",7444000,7470000,6818000,7456000,7509000,{"$f":"(G5-C5)/C5","v":8.7318645889306826E-3}]
[null,"Limited duration",867000,887000,800000,1059000,1005000,0.15916955017301038]
[null,"Permanent nature",4754000,4684000,4377000,4545000,4526000,-4.7959612957509466E-2]
[null,"Unspecified duration",1823000,1899000,1641000,1852000,1979000,8.5573230938014264E-2]
[null,"Female",6169000,6183000,5642000,6199000,6410000,3.9066299238126115E-2]
[null,"Limited duration",919000,939000,882000,1104000,1043000,0.13492927094668117]
[null,"Permanent nature",3673000,3719000,3409000,3591000,3832000,4.3288864688265725E-2]
[null,"Unspecified duration",1577000,1526000,1352000,1504000,1534000,-2.7266962587190868E-2]
[null,"Total",13613000,13653000,12460000,13656000,13919000,2.2478513185925218E-2]
[null,"Limited duration",1786000,1826000,1681000,2163000,2048000,0.14669652855543114]
[null,"Permanent nature",8427000,8403000,7786000,8136000,8358000,-8.1879672481310079E-3]
[null,"Unspecified duration",3400000,3424000,2993000,3357000,3513000,3.3235294117647057E-2]
[null,"Source: Stats SA, Quarterly Labour Force Survey Quarter 2: 2019, Statistical release P0211, 30 July 2019, p69; QLFS Quarter 2: 2021, Statistical release P0211, 24 August 2021, p76; QLFS Quarter 2: 2022, Statistical release P0211, 23 August 2022, p72; QLFS Quarter 2: 2023, Statistical release P0211, 21 August 2023, p71; QLFS Quarter 2: 2024, Statistical Release P0211, 13 August 2024"]

{"sheet":"ORGANISATIONS","index":4,"n_rows":0,"n_cols":0,"rows_kept":0,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}

{"sheet":"Trade un. +empl.orgs.12-24","index":5,"n_rows":12,"n_cols":6,"rows_kept":12,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[11,0,11,5],[3,0,3,5],[1,0,1,5]]}
[]
["EMPLOYEE AND EMPLOYER ORGANISATIONS"]
[]
["Registered employee and employer organisations, 2012/13-2023/24"]
[]
["Organisation","2012/13","2016/17","2021/22","2023/24","Change 2012/13-2023/24"]
["Active registered trade unions",208,191,216,216,{"$f":"(E7-B7)/B7","v":3.8461538461538464E-2}]
["Membership of trade unions",3028400,3926025,"3 110 000 (2020/21)","N/A","—"]
["Registered employer organisations",163,155,148,145,{"$f":"(E9-B9)/B9","v":-0.11042944785276074}]
["Membership of employer organisations",56251,64836,70186,"N/A","—"]
["Bargaining councils",47,47,48,39,{"$f":"(E11-B11)/B11","v":-0.1702127659574468}]
["Source: Department of Employment and Labour, www.labour.gov.za, accessed 20 September 2024"]

{"sheet":"Trade unions","index":6,"n_rows":0,"n_cols":0,"rows_kept":0,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}

{"sheet":"Trade union membership.1995-23","index":7,"n_rows":41,"n_cols":6,"rows_kept":41,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[36,1,36,5],[37,1,37,5],[38,1,38,5],[39,1,39,5],[40,1,40,5],[35,1,35,5],[1,1,1,5],[3,1,3,5],[5,2,6,2],[5,3,6,3],[5,4,5,5]]}
[]
[null,"Trade unions"]
[]
[null,"Trade unionsa and membership, 1995/96-2022/23"]
[]
[null,null,"Active\nregistered\ntrade unions","Registered trade union\nmembershipc","—Registered union membershipb—"]
[null,"Year",null,null,"as a share of total\nemployment","as a share\nof the EAPd"]
[null,"1995/96",248,2690727,0.35499999999999998,0.28000000000000003]
[null,"1996/97",303,3016933,0.4,0.308]
[null,"1997/98",365,3412645,0.36299999999999999,0.27200000000000002]
[null,"1998/99",433,3801388,0.36699999999999999,0.28100000000000003]
[null,"1999/2000",397,3359497,0.28299999999999997,0.20699999999999999]
[null,"2000/01",537,3552113,0.28399999999999997,0.214]
[null,"2001/02",488,3939075,0.32800000000000001,0.23699999999999999]
[null,"2002/03",513,3277685,0.28100000000000003,0.19900000000000001]
[null,"2003/04",533,4069000,0.34399999999999997,0.253]
[null,"2004/05",390,3134865,0.251,0.19]
[null,"2005/06",367,3134865,0.23699999999999999,0.182]
[null,"2006/07",357,3049860,0.23,0.17499999999999999]
[null,"2007/08",317,3220245,0.221,0.17100000000000001]
[null,"2008/09",285,3298559,0.23,0.17599999999999999]
[null,"2009/10",244,3238519,0.23499999999999999,0.17599999999999999]
[null,"2010/11",222,3057772,0.22,0.16300000000000001]
[null,"2011/12",218,3192530,0.223,0.16800000000000001]
[null,"2012/13",208,3028400,0.20599999999999999,0.154]
[null,"2013/14",203,3250100,0.215,0.161]
[null,"2014/15",196,3556365,0.22700000000000001,0.17]
[null,"2015/16",190,3556914,0.22900000000000001,0.16800000000000001]
[null,"2016/17",191,3926025,0.24399999999999999,0.17599999999999999]
[null,"2017/18",190,3945518,0.24199999999999999,0.17199999999999999]
[null,"2018/19",207,3870024,0.23699999999999999,0.16800000000000001]
[null,"2019/20",218,4051529,0.28599999999999998,0.22]
[null,"2020/21",222,3110000,{"$f":"D33/15562000","v":0.19984577817761212},{"$f":"D33/23556000","v":0.13202581083375786}]
[null,"2021/22",216,"N/A","N/A","N/A"]
[null,"2022/23",215,"N/A","N/A","N/A"]
[null,"Source:  Department of Employment and Labour, www.labour.gov.za, accessed 23 September 2024"]
[null,"a A trade union is a workers'/employee organisation constituted for the purpose of furthering and defending the interests of workers."]
[null,"b CRA calculations."]
[null,"c Figures from 1994 to1996 include membership of unregistered trade unions. From 1997 onwards, total trade union membership figures do not include the membership of unregistered trade unions. In terms of the Labour Relations Act of 1995, the Department of Employment and Labour is no longer required to keep records of unregistered trade unions. \t\t\t\t"]
[null,"d Registered union membership as a proportion of the total economically active population (official definition of unemployment)."]
[null,"N/A — Not available."]

{"sheet":"Number of unions.24","index":8,"n_rows":14,"n_cols":3,"rows_kept":14,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[13,1,13,2],[3,1,3,2],[1,1,1,2]]}
[]
[null,"Trade union groupings"]
[]
[null,"Number of unions in each grouping, 2024"]
[]
[null,"Grouping","Affiliates"]
[null,"Confederation of South African Workers’ Unions (CONSAWU)",3]
[null,"Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU)",18]
[null,"Federation of Unions of South Africa (FEDUSA)",20]
[null,"National Council of Trade Unions (NACTU)",14]
[null,"South African Federation of Trade Unions (SAFTU)",18]
[null,"Other groupings and unaffiliated unions",143]
[null,"Total",{"$f":"SUM(C7:C12)","v":216}]
[null,"Source: Department of Employment and Labour, www.labour.gov.za,  accessed 23 September 2024"]

{"sheet":"Consawu affiliates by sector.24","index":9,"n_rows":12,"n_cols":2,"rows_kept":12,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
[]
[null,"Trade union affiliates"]
[]
[null,"CONSAWU affiliates by sector, 2024"]
[]
[null,"Sector and affiliate"]
[null,"Catering and retail"]
[null,"National Union of Hotel, Restaurant, Catering, Commercial, Health and Allied Workers (NUHRCCHAW)"]
[null,"Mining and construction"]
[null,"Building, Wood and Allied Workers' Union of South Africa (BWAWUSA)"]
[null,"Mine, Engineering and Distributor Workers' Union of South Africa (MEDWUSA)"]
[null,"Source: Department of Employment and Labour, www.labour.gov.za, accessed 23 September 2024"]

{"sheet":"Cosatu affiliates.24","index":10,"n_rows":35,"n_cols":2,"rows_kept":35,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
[]
[null,"COSATU affiliates by sector, 2024"]
[]
[null,"Sector and affiliate"]
[null,"Media and communication"]
[null,"Communication Workers' Union (CWU)"]
[null,"Chemical"]
[null,"Chemical, Energy, Paper, Printing, Wood and Allied Workers' Union (CEPPWAWU)"]
[null,"Clothing and textile"]
[null,"Southern African Clothing and Textile Workers' Union (SACTWU)"]
[null,"Education and health"]
[null,"Democratic Nursing Organisation of South Africa (DENOSA)"]
[null,"South African Medical Association (SAMA)"]
[null,"National Education, Health and Allied Workers' Union (NEHAWU)"]
[null,"South African Democratic Nurses' Union (SADNU)"]
[null,"South African Democratic Teachers' Union (SADTU)"]
[null,"Finance"]
[null,"The Finance Union, formerly the South African Society of Bank Officials (SASBO)"]
[null,"Catering and retail"]
[null,"South African Commercial, Catering and Allied Workers' Union (SACCAWU)"]
[null,"Metal"]
[null,"Liberated Metalworkers' Union of South Africa (LIMUSA)"]
[null,"Mining"]
[null,"National Union of Mineworkers (NUM)"]
[null,"Police, correctional services, defence"]
[null,"Police and Prisons Civil Rights Union (POPCRU)"]
[null,"Sport"]
[null,"South African Football Players' Union (SAFPU)"]
[null,"State and municipal"]
[null,"Public and Allied Workers' Union of South Africa (PAWUSA)"]
[null,"South African Municipal Workers' Union (SAMWU)"]
[null,"South African State and Allied Workers' Union (SASAWU)"]
[null,"Transport"]
[null,"South African Transport and Allied Workers' Union (SATAWU) "]
[null,"Source: Department of Employment and Labour, www.labour.gov.za, accessed 23 September 2024"]

{"sheet":"Fedusa affiliates.24","index":11,"n_rows":33,"n_cols":1,"rows_kept":33,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[37,0,37,1]]}
[]
["FEDUSA affiliates by sector, 2024"]
[]
["Sector and affiliate"]
["Media and communication"]
["South African Communications Union (SACU)"]
["Education and training"]
["National Professional Teachers’ Organisation of South Africa (NAPTOSA)\r"]
["National Tertiary Education Union (NTEU)"]
["Professional Educators' Union (PEU)"]
["South African Parastatal and Tertiary Institutions Union (SAPTU)"]
["Suid-Afrikaanse Onderwysers Unie (SAOU)"]
["Tertiary Education National Union of South Africa (TENUSA)"]
["Health, hospitality and education"]
["Health and Other Services Personnel Trade Union of South Africa (HOSPERSA)"]
["Hospitality Industries and Allied Workers' Union (HIAWU)"]
["Finance"]
["Insurance and Banking Staff Association (IBSA)"]
["Police, correctional services, defence"]
["National Security and Unqualified Workers' Union (NASUWU)"]
["State"]
["National Union of Civil and Allied Workers (NUCAAW)"]
["Public Servants' Association of South Africa (PSA)"]
["United National Public Service Association of South Africa and Allied Workers' Union (UNIPSAWU)"]
["Transport, mining, engineering"]
["Aviation Professionals Association — South Africa (AVPA-SA)"]
["Motor Industry Staff Association (MISA)"]
["Motor Transport Workers' Union of South Africa (MTWU)"]
["United National Transport Union (UNTU)"]
["Other"]
["UASA — The Union (formerly United Association of South Africa) — All sectors"]
["National Union of Leather and Allied Workers (NULAW) "]
["Source: Department of Employment and Labour, www.labour.gov.za, accessed 23 September 2024"]

{"sheet":"Nactu affiliates.24","index":12,"n_rows":31,"n_cols":1,"rows_kept":31,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[35,0,35,1]]}
[]
["NACTU affiliates by sector, 2024"]
[]
["Sector and affiliate"]
["Catering"]
["Hotel, Liquor, Catering, Commercial and Allied Workers' Union of South Africa (HOTELICCA)"]
["Chemical"]
["South African Chemical Workers' Union (SACWU)"]
["Finance"]
["Banking, Insurance, Finance and Allied Workers' Union (BIFAWU)"]
["Food and beverages"]
["National Union of Food, Beverages, Wine, Spirits and Allied Workers (NUFWBSAW)"]
["General"]
["Labour Equity General Workers' Union of South Africa (LEWUSA)"]
["Metal"]
["Metal and Electrical Workers' Union of South Africa (MEWUSA)"]
["Mining and construction"]
["Association of Mineworkers and Construction Union (AMCU) "]
["Building, Construction and Allied Workers' Union (BCAWU)"]
["Security"]
["National Security Commercial and General Workers' Union (NASECGWU)"]
["South African Private Security Workers' Union (SAPSWU)"]
["State"]
["National Public Service Workers' Union (NPSWU)"]
["Trade"]
["Federal Council of Retail and Allied Workers (FEDCRAW)"]
["Transport"]
["Transport and Omnibus Workers' Union (TOWU)"]
["Other"]
["Inqubelaphambili Trade Union (ITU) — All sectors"]
["Source: Department of Employment and Labour, www.labour.gov.za, accessed 23 September 2024"]

{"sheet":"Saftu affiliates.24","index":13,"n_rows":33,"n_cols":1,"rows_kept":33,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[36,0,36,1]]}
[]
["SAFTU affiliates by sector, 2024"]
[]
["Sector and affiliate"]
["Media and communication"]
["Democratic Postal and Communications Union (DEPACU)"]
["Information Communication Technology Union (ICTU)"]
["Chemical"]
["Chemical, Wood and Allied Workers' Union (CWAWU)"]
["Education"]
["\nCollege Workers' Union of South Africa (COWUSA) "]
["Food and beverages"]
["Food and Allied Workers' Union (FAWU)"]
["Medical"]
["Young Nurses Indaba Trade Union (YNITU)"]
["Metal"]
["National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa (NUMSA)"]
["Security"]
["South African Policing Union (SAPU)"]
["State and municipal"]
["Democratic Municipal and Allied Workers' Union of South Africa (DEMAWUSA)"]
["National Union of Public Service and Allied Workers (NUPSAW)"]
["Municipal and Allied Trade Union of South Africa (MATUSA)"]
["Transport"]
["Democratised Transport Logistics and Allied Workers' Union (DETAWU)"]
["National Transport Movement (NTM)"]
["Tirisano Transport and Services Workers' Union (TASWU)"]
["Transport Retail and General Workers' Union (THORN)"]
["Other"]
["Commercial, Stevedoring, Agricultural and Allied Workers' Union (CSAAWU)"]
["General Industries Workers’ Union of South Africa (GIWUSA)"]
["South African Industrial Commercial and Allied Workers Union (SAICWU)"]
["Source: Department of Employment and Labour, www.labour.gov.za, accessed 23 September 2024; SAFTU, www.saftu.org.za, accessed 23 September 2024"]

{"sheet":"Employer organisations","index":14,"n_rows":0,"n_cols":0,"rows_kept":0,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}

{"sheet":"Employer orgs.95-2023","index":15,"n_rows":38,"n_cols":5,"rows_kept":38,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[1,2,1,4],[3,2,3,4],[35,2,35,4],[36,1,36,5],[37,1,37,4]]}
[]
[null,null,"Employer organisations"]
[]
[null,null,"Employer organisationsa and membership, 1995/96-2023/24"]
[]
[null,null,"Year","Number ","Registered  members"]
[null,null,"1995/96",188,"N/A"]
[null,null,"1996/97",189,"N/A"]
[null,null,"1997/98",191,"N/A"]
[null,null,"1998/99",237,"N/A"]
[null,null,"1999/2000",243,"N/A"]
[null,null,"2000/01",269,47069]
[null,null,"2001/02",248,39717]
[null,null,"2002/03",262,45960]
[null,null,"2003/04",266,41804]
[null,null,"2004/05",234,43482]
[null,null,"2005/06",228,39288]
[null,null,"2006/07",223,50782]
[null,null,"2007/08",210,57865]
[null,null,"2008/09",196,48988]
[null,null,"2009/10",183,43073]
[null,null,"2010/11",165,53250]
[null,null,"2011/12",167,55898]
[null,null,"2012/13",163,56251]
[null,null,"2013/14",159,55979]
[null,null,"2014/15",156,71281]
[null,null,"2015/16",154,86087]
[null,null,"2016/17",155,64836]
[null,null,"2017/18",153,81309]
[null,null,"2018/19",151,"N/A"]
[null,null,"2019/20",150,88087]
[null,null,"2020/21",146,95576]
[null,null,"2021/22","N/A","N/A"]
[null,null,"2022/23",148,70186]
[null,null,"2023/24",145,"N/A"]
[null,null,"Source: Department of Employment and Labour,  email communication, 23 September 2024"]
[null,"a An employer organisation is a collective of employers seeking to co-ordinate member companies during negotiations with trade unions or government bodies — it is necessary for effective collective bargaining and is an important way of regulating industrial relations and determining employee wages and benefits."]
[null,"N/A — Not available."]

{"sheet":"EMPLOYEE WELFARE","index":16,"n_rows":0,"n_cols":0,"rows_kept":0,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}

{"sheet":"Salaries","index":17,"n_rows":0,"n_cols":0,"rows_kept":0,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}

{"sheet":"Salary negotiations.2016-24","index":18,"n_rows":28,"n_cols":15,"rows_kept":28,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,0,5,6],[1,0,1,6],[3,0,3,6],[15,0,15,6],[16,0,16,6]]}
[]
["EMPLOYEE WELFARE"]
[]
["Salaries and wages"]
[]
["Annual salary negotiations by type, 2016-24"]
[]
["Type of negotiation",2016,2018,2020,2022,2023,2024]
["Individual and employer",8.5000000000000006E-2,7.9000000000000001E-2,0.10299999999999999,{"$f":"1116/13040","v":8.5582822085889576E-2},{"$f":"980/13656","v":7.1763327475102515E-2},{"$f":"1075/13919","v":7.7232559810331197E-2}]
["Union and employer",0.223,0.22700000000000001,0.27700000000000002,{"$f":"2942/13040","v":0.22561349693251534},{"$f":"2887/13656","v":0.21140890451083771},{"$f":"2752/13919","v":0.19771535311444788}]
["Bargaining council",0.08,8.1000000000000003E-2,8.5999999999999993E-2,{"$f":"1198/13040","v":9.1871165644171776E-2},{"$f":"1360/13656","v":9.9589923842999417E-2},{"$f":"1393/13919","v":0.10007902866585243}]
["Employer only",0.55700000000000005,0.54600000000000004,0.48699999999999999,{"$f":"7090/13040","v":0.54371165644171782},{"$f":"7684/13656","v":0.56268306971294668},{"$f":"7832/13919","v":0.56268410086931531}]
["No regular increment",5.1999999999999998E-2,6.2E-2,4.2999999999999997E-2,5.0999999999999997E-2,{"$f":"668/13656","v":4.8916227299355595E-2},{"$f":"805/13919","v":5.7834614555643364E-2}]
["Other",4.0000000000000001E-3,5.0000000000000001E-3,4.0000000000000001E-3,{"$f":"25/13040","v":1.9171779141104294E-3},{"$f":"77/13656","v":5.6385471587580551E-3},{"$f":"62/13919","v":4.4543429844097994E-3}]
["Totala",1,1,{"$f":"SUM(D9:D14)","v":1},1,{"$f":"SUM(F9:F14)","v":1},{"$f":"SUM(G9:G14)","v":1}]
["Source: Stats SA, Quarterly Labour Force Surveys, Quarter 2: 2016-21, Statistical release P0211; QLFS Quarter 2: 2022, Statistical release P0211, p73; QLFS Quarter 2: 2023, Statistical release P0211, p72; QLFS Quarter 2: 2023, Statistical release P0211, p72; QLFS Quarter 2: 2024, Statistical release P0211, p71"]
["a Proportions should add up vertically but may not, owing to rounding.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2023,2024]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Individual and employer",{"$f":"980/13656","v":7.1763327475102515E-2},{"$f":"1075/13919","v":7.7232559810331197E-2}]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Union and employer",{"$f":"2887/13656","v":0.21140890451083771},{"$f":"2752/13919","v":0.19771535311444788}]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Bargaining council",{"$f":"1360/13656","v":9.9589923842999417E-2},{"$f":"1393/13919","v":0.10007902866585243}]
["Type of negotiation",2022,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Employer only",{"$f":"7684/13656","v":0.56268306971294668},{"$f":"7832/13919","v":0.56268410086931531}]
["Individual and employer",{"$f":"1116/13040","v":8.5582822085889576E-2}," ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"No regular increment",{"$f":"668/13656","v":4.8916227299355595E-2},{"$f":"805/13919","v":5.7834614555643364E-2}]
["Union and employer",{"$f":"2942/13040","v":0.22561349693251534},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Other",{"$f":"77/13656","v":5.6385471587580551E-3},{"$f":"62/13919","v":4.4543429844097994E-3}]
["Bargaining council",{"$f":"1198/13040","v":9.1871165644171776E-2}]
["Employer only",{"$f":"7090/13040","v":0.54371165644171782}]
["No regular increment",5.0999999999999997E-2]
["Other",{"$f":"25/13040","v":1.9171779141104294E-3}]
["Totala",1]

{"sheet":"Wage settlements","index":19,"n_rows":0,"n_cols":0,"rows_kept":0,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}

{"sheet":"Wage settlement&inflation.98-23","index":20,"n_rows":36,"n_cols":26,"rows_kept":36,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[35,1,35,5],[33,1,33,4],[34,1,34,4],[3,1,3,5],[1,1,1,5],[32,1,32,4]]}
[]
[null," Wage settlements"]
[]
[null,"Wage settlementsa and inflation, 1998-2023"]
[]
[null,"Year","Average level of wage settlements","Inflation rate (CPI)b","Difference in\npercentage pointsc",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Average level of wage settlements","Inflation rate (CPI)"]
[null,1998,8.5999999999999993E-2,6.9000000000000006E-2,1.7,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1998,8.5999999999999993E-2,6.9000000000000006E-2]
[null,1999,8.3000000000000004E-2,5.0999999999999997E-2,3.2,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1999,8.3000000000000004E-2,5.0999999999999997E-2]
[null,2000,7.3999999999999996E-2,5.2999999999999999E-2,2.1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2000,7.3999999999999996E-2,5.2999999999999999E-2]
[null,2001,7.3999999999999996E-2,5.7000000000000002E-2,1.7,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2001,7.3999999999999996E-2,5.7000000000000002E-2]
[null,2002,0.08,9.1999999999999998E-2,-1.2,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2002,0.08,9.1999999999999998E-2]
[null,2003,8.8999999999999996E-2,5.8000000000000003E-2,3.1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2003,8.8999999999999996E-2,5.8000000000000003E-2]
[null,2004,6.8000000000000005E-2,1.4E-2,5.4,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2004,6.8000000000000005E-2,1.4E-2]
[null,2005,6.3E-2,3.4000000000000002E-2,2.9,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2005,6.3E-2,3.4000000000000002E-2]
[null,2006,6.5000000000000002E-2,4.7E-2,1.8,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2006,6.5000000000000002E-2,4.7E-2]
[null,2007,7.2999999999999995E-2,7.0999999999999994E-2,0.2,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2007,7.2999999999999995E-2,7.0999999999999994E-2]
[null,2008,9.8000000000000004E-2,0.115,-1.7,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2008,9.8000000000000004E-2,0.115]
[null,2009,9.2999999999999999E-2,7.0999999999999994E-2,2.2000000000000002,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2009,9.2999999999999999E-2,7.0999999999999994E-2]
[null,2010,8.2000000000000003E-2,4.2999999999999997E-2,3.9,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2010,8.2000000000000003E-2,4.2999999999999997E-2]
[null,2011,7.6999999999999999E-2,0.05,2.7,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2011,7.6999999999999999E-2,0.05]
[null,2012,7.5999999999999998E-2,0.06,1.6,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2012,7.5999999999999998E-2,0.06]
[null,2013,7.9000000000000001E-2,5.8999999999999997E-2,2,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2013,7.9000000000000001E-2,5.8999999999999997E-2]
[null,2014,8.1000000000000003E-2,6.0999999999999999E-2,2,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2014,8.1000000000000003E-2,6.0999999999999999E-2]
[null,2015,7.6999999999999999E-2,4.4999999999999998E-2,3.1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2015,7.6999999999999999E-2,4.4999999999999998E-2]
[null,2016,7.4999999999999997E-2,6.4000000000000001E-2,1.1000000000000001,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2016,7.4999999999999997E-2,6.4000000000000001E-2]
[null,2017,7.5999999999999998E-2,5.2999999999999999E-2,2.2999999999999998,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2017,7.5999999999999998E-2,5.2999999999999999E-2]
[null,2018,7.1999999999999995E-2,4.5999999999999999E-2,2.6,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2018,7.1999999999999995E-2,4.5999999999999999E-2]
[null,2019,6.7000000000000004E-2,4.1000000000000002E-2,2.6,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2019,6.7000000000000004E-2,4.1000000000000002E-2]
[null,2020,6.3E-2,3.3000000000000002E-2,3,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2020,6.3E-2,3.3000000000000002E-2]
[null,2021,4.3999999999999997E-2,4.4999999999999998E-2,-0.1,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2021,4.3999999999999997E-2,4.4999999999999998E-2]
[null,2022,0.06,6.9000000000000006E-2,{"$f":"-0.9","v":-0.9},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2022,0.06,6.9000000000000006E-2]
[null,2023,6.3E-2,0.06,0.3,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2023,6.3E-2,0.06]
[null,"Source: Andrew Levy Employment Publications, The Wage Settlement Survey Quarterly Report, December 2023, p6, accessed 6 May 2024"]
[null,"a A wage settlement is an agreement over wages, following negotiations between employers and employees. So, the proportions in the first column indicate the average wage increments for each year as agreed upon during employer/employee negotiations.  "]
[null,"b Consumer Price Index."]
[null,"c Average level of wage settlements minus the inflation rate."]

{"sheet":"Employee benefits.","index":21,"n_rows":0,"n_cols":0,"rows_kept":0,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}

{"sheet":"Bargaining& statutory councils","index":22,"n_rows":0,"n_cols":0,"rows_kept":0,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}

{"sheet":"Employees benefits.access 16-24","index":23,"n_rows":26,"n_cols":13,"rows_kept":26,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[17,0,20,6],[21,0,24,6],[25,0,27,6],[3,0,3,6],[1,0,1,6],[12,0,12,6],[13,0,13,6],[14,0,16,6]]}
[]
["Employee benefits"]
[]
["Employee access to benefitsa, 2016-24"]
[]
["Benefit",2016,2018,2020,2022,2023,2024]
["Paid annual leaveb",0.65700000000000003,0.66,0.72039249146757678,{"$f":"8440/13040","v":0.64723926380368102},{"$f":"9007/13656","v":0.65956356180433506},{"$f":"9358/13919","v":0.67231841367914358}]
["Paid sick leavec",0.70199999999999996,0.70199999999999996,0.77380546075085321,{"$f":"9221/13040","v":0.7071319018404908},{"$f":"9838/13656","v":0.72041593438781493},{"$f":"10075/13919","v":0.72383073496659245}]
["Maternity/paternity leaved",0.56000000000000005,0.56799999999999995,0.84223549488054605,{"$f":"6829/13040","v":0.52369631901840485},{"$f":"7441/13656","v":0.54488869361452841},{"$f":"7718/13919","v":0.55449385731733603}]
["Unemployment Insurance Funde",0.60599999999999998,0.60299999999999998,0.64155290102389073,{"$f":"7894/13040","v":0.6053680981595092},{"$f":"8534/13656","v":0.62492677211482128},{"$f":"8549/13919","v":0.61419642215676418}]
["Medical aid",0.29799999999999999,0.29699999999999999,0.34522184300341296,{"$f":"3837/13040","v":0.29424846625766871},{"$f":"4027/13656","v":0.29488869361452841},{"$f":"4268/13919","v":0.30663122350743588}]
["Pension/retirement fund \ncontribution",0.46500000000000002,0.48099999999999998,0.54001706484641643,{"$f":"5852/13040","v":0.44877300613496934},{"$f":"6039/13656","v":0.44222319859402459},{"$f":"6277/13919","v":0.45096630505065022}]
["Source: Stats SA, QLFS Quarter 2, 2019, Statistical release P0211, 30 July 2019, pp65–67; QLFS Quarter 2, 2021, Statistical release P0211, 24 August 2021, pp73–75; QLFS Quarter 2, 2022, Statistical release P0211, 23 August 2022, pp68–70; QLFS Quarter 2: 2023, Statistical release P0211, 15 August 2023, pp68–70; QLFS Quarter 2: 2024, Statistical release P0211, pp66–68, 21 September 2024",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2016,2023]
["a  CRA calculations. For example, in 2016, 65.7% of employees had access to paid annual leave.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Paid annual leave",0.65700000000000003,0.67200000000000004]
["b The employer must grant an employee at least 21 consecutive days' annual leave on full remuneration in each leave cycle. This translates into 15 working days. ",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Paid sick leave",0.70199999999999996,0.72399999999999998]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Maternity/paternity leave",0.56000000000000005,0.55400000000000005]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Maternity/Paternity leave",0.53900000000000003]
["c An employee may take the number of days they would normally work in a six-week period for sick leave on full pay in a three-year period. Employers may require proof of illness before paying the employee.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"UIF",0.60599999999999998,0.61399999999999999]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Medical aid",0.29799999999999999,0.307]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Pension/Retirement fund\ncontribution",0.29799999999999999,{"$f":"4027/13656","v":0.29488869361452841}]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Pension/retirement fund \ncontribution",0.46500000000000002,0.45100000000000001]
["d An employee is entitled to at least four consecutive months of unpaid leave. Unemployment benefits may be claimed from the Unemployment Insurance Fund (UIF) during this time. "]
[]
[]
[]
["e An employer must pay the 1% they deducted from workers, together with 1% from themselves, to the UIF or the South African Revenue Service (SARS) before the 7th of every month. "]

{"sheet":"Bargaining council.96-24","index":24,"n_rows":39,"n_cols":30,"rows_kept":39,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[38,1,38,5],[37,1,37,5],[36,2,36,5],[3,2,3,5],[1,1,1,7]]}
[]
[null," Bargaining and statutory councils"]
[]
[null,null,"Bargaining councilsa, 1996-2024"]
[]
[null,null,null,"Year","Number",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Bargaining councils, 1996-2021"]
[null,null,null,1996,77,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1996,77]
[null,null,null,1997,75,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1997,75]
[null,null,null,1998,76,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1998,76]
[null,null,null,"1999b",78,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1999,78]
[null,null,null,2000,73,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2000,73]
[null,null,null,2001,73,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2001,73]
[null,null,null,2002,62,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2002,62]
[null,null,null,2003,56,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2003,56]
[null,null,null,2004,58,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2004,58]
[null,null,null,2005,58,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2005,58]
[null,null,null,2006,53,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2006,53]
[null,null,null,2007,52,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2007,52]
[null,null,null,2008,51,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2008,51]
[null,null,null,2009,47,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2009,47]
[null,null,null,2010,47,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2010,47]
[null,null,null,2011,47,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2011,47]
[null,null,null,2012,46,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2012,46]
[null,null,null,2013,48,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2013,48]
[null,null,null,2014,48,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2014,48]
[null,null,null,2015,47,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2015,47]
[null,null,null,2016,47,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2016,47]
[null,null,null,2017,47,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2017,47]
[null,null,null,2018,39,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2018,39]
[null,null,null,2019,39,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2019,39]
[null,null,null,2020,48,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2020,48]
[null,null,null,2021,40,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2021,40]
[null,null,null,2022,48,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2022,48]
[null,null,null,2023,40,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2023,40]
[null,null,null,2024,39,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2024,39]
[null,null,null,"1996-2024",{"$f":"(E35-E7)/E7","v":-0.4935064935064935}]
[null,null,"Source: Department of Employment and Labour, www.labour.gov.za, accessed 21 September 2024"]
[null,"a A bargaining council is a body formed by (a) trade union(s) and employer organisation(s) as stipulated by the Labour Relations Act of 1995. It deals with collective agreements, solves labour disputes, establishes various schemes and makes proposals on labour policies and laws.  It can only be established in an area or sector of industry where no other bargaining or statutory council exists."]
[null,"b Includes registered private sector, local government and government, and statutory bargaining councils."]

{"sheet":"Priv sect bargain councils.24","index":25,"n_rows":40,"n_cols":5,"rows_kept":40,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[1,1,1,2],[35,1,35,2],[37,1,37,2],[38,1,38,2],[39,1,39,2],[36,1,36,2]]}
[]
[null,"Private sector bargaining councils, 2024"]
[]
[null,"Industry/sector","Numbera"]
[null,"Building ",7]
[null,"Canvas goods ",1]
[null,"Chemical ",1]
[null,"Civil engineering ",1]
[null,"Clothing ",1]
[null,"Contract cleaning ",1]
[null,"Diamond cutting",1]
[null,"Electrical",1]
[null,"Fishing",1]
[null,"Food, restaurant, catering and allied trades",3]
[null,"Furniture manufacturing",5]
[null,"Grain industry",1]
[null,"Hairdressing, cosmetology, beauty and skincare industry",1]
[null,"Laundry, cleaning and dyeing",1]
[null,"Leather",1]
[null,"Meat",1]
[null,"Metal and engineering",1]
[null,"Motor",1]
[null,"Motor ferry",1]
[null,"New tyre",1]
[null,"Private security",1]
[null,"Road freight and logistics",1]
[null,"Road passenger industry",1]
[null,"Sugar manufacturing",1]
[null,"Textile",1]
[null,"Transnet (rail, ports, logistics, pipelines)",1]
[null,"Wood and paper",1]
[null,"National Councilsb",21]
[null,"Provincial Councilsc",5]
[null,"City and Townd",13,null," "]
[null,"Total ",{"$f":"SUM(C32:C34)","v":39}]
[null,"Source: Department of Employment and Labour, www.labour.gov.za, accessed 21 September 2024"]
[null,"a  As at March 2024."]
[null,"b  Bargaining councils with national coverage."]
[null,"c  Bargaining councils whose coverage is limited to specific provinces."]
[null,"d  Bargaining councils whose coverage is limited to specific cities or towns."]

{"sheet":"Local gvt bargainin councils.24","index":26,"n_rows":11,"n_cols":2,"rows_kept":11,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
[]
[null,"Local government bargaining councilsa, 2024"]
[]
[null,"Education Labour Relations Council"]
[null,"General Public Service Sectoral Bargaining Council"]
[null,"Public Health and Social Development Sectoral Bargaining Council"]
[null,"Public Service Co-ordinating Bargaining Council "]
[null,"Safety and Security Sectoral Bargaining Council "]
[null,"South African Local Government Bargaining Council "]
[null,"Source: Department of Employment and Labour, www.labour.gov.za, accessed 21 September 2024"]
[null,"a  As at August 2024."]

{"sheet":"Statutory Councils 2024","index":27,"n_rows":7,"n_cols":2,"rows_kept":7,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
[]
[null,"Statutory councilsa, 2024"]
[]
[null,"Statutory Council of the Printing, Newspaper and Packaging Industry of South Africa "]
[null,"Statutory Council for the Squid and Related Fisheries of South Africa"]
[null,"Source: Department of Employment and Labour, www.labour.gov.za, accessed 21 September 2024"]
[null,"a  As at August 2024. A statutory council is a body formed by (a) trade union(s) and employer organisation(s) as stipulated by the Labour Relations Act of 1995.  It manages labour disputes, schemes and funds, education and training and makes collective agreements. It can only be established in an area or sector of industry where no other bargaining or statutory council exists. While parties to a statutory council can draw up agreements on wages and working conditions, these agreements cannot be extended to employers and employees outside the council. This can be done only by the minister. A statutory council may resolve to apply to register as a bargaining council."]

{"sheet":"Strikes","index":28,"n_rows":0,"n_cols":0,"rows_kept":0,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}

{"sheet":"Protect&unprotect.strikes.14-23","index":29,"n_rows":11,"n_cols":12,"rows_kept":11,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[9,1,9,11],[10,1,10,11],[1,2,1,11],[3,1,3,11]]}
[]
[null,null,"Strikes"]
[]
[null,"Protecteda and unprotected strikes, 2015-23"]
[]
[null,null,"Strike status ",2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023]
[null,null,"Protected",0.55000000000000004,0.59,0.48,0.59,0.65,0.25,0.39,0.38,0.42]
[null,null,"Unprotected",0.45,0.41,0.52,0.41,0.35,0.66,0.61,0.53,0.52]
[null,null,"Don't know","—","—","—","—","—",0.09,"—",0.09,0.06]
[null,"Source: Department of Employment and Labour, Annual Industrial Action Report 2023, p25; Socio-Economic Survey of South Africa 2024, p299"]
[null,"a A protected strike is one that complies with the requirements of the Labour Relations Act of 1995, in which case the strike is legitimate and procedural requirements are complied with before it commences."]

{"sheet":"Top five strikes.duration.23","index":30,"n_rows":11,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":11,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[1,1,1,6],[9,1,9,6],[10,1,10,6]]}
[]
[null,"Top five strikes by duration, 2023"]
[]
[null,null,"Month","Trade union","Company affected","Duration\n(days)","Strike trigger"]
[null,null,"July","South African Municipal Workers' Union (SAMWU)","Tshwane Metro",73,"Wages"]
[null,null,"July","National Union of Metal Workers of South Africa (NUMSA)","Wesizwe Platinum",25,"Retrenchment"]
[null,null,"July","National Union of Metal Workers of South Africa (NUMSA)","Hulamin",10,"Wages"]
[null,null,"March","Public Servants Association of SA (PSA), National Education, Health and Allied Workers' Union (NEHAWU) and Others","DPSA",8,"Wages"]
[null,null,"June","National Union of Metal Workers of South Africa (NUMSA)","Sumitomo Rubber",7,"Grievance"]
[null,"Source: Andrew Levy Employment Publications, Wage Settlement Survey Quarterly Report, December 2023, p9"]
[null,"NA — Not available."]

{"sheet":"Top fiv strikes.workdayslost.23","index":31,"n_rows":11,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":11,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[1,1,1,6],[9,1,9,6],[10,1,10,6],[14,3,14,8]]}
[]
[null,"Working days lost in the top five strikes, 2023"]
[]
[null,null,"Month","Trade union","Company affected","Working days lost","Stike trigger"]
[null,null,"March","Public Servants Association of SA (PSA), National Education, Health and Allied Workers' Union (NEHAWU) and Others","DPSA",4600000,"Wages"]
[null,null,"July","South African Municipal Workers' Union (SAMWU)","Tshwane Metro",219000,"Wages"]
[null,null,"July","National Union of Metal Workers of South Africa (NUMSA)","Wesizwe Platinum",12500,"Retrenchment"]
[null,null,"July","National Union of Metal Workers of South Africa (NUMSA)","Hulamin",10000,"Wages"]
[null,null,"June","National Union of Metal Workers of South Africa (NUMSA)","Sumitomo Rubber",6300,"Grievance"]
[null,"Source: Andrew Levy Employment Publications, Wage Settlement Survey Quarterly Report, December 2023, p9"]
[null,"a Or mandays. A manday is an industrial unit of production equal to the work one person can produce in a day. Typically 1 manday = 8 man hours =  40 hours per week."]

{"sheet":"Strike.workdayslost.79-23","index":32,"n_rows":50,"n_cols":26,"rows_kept":50,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[32,1,32,6],[33,1,33,6],[28,1,28,6],[1,1,1,6],[27,1,27,6],[29,1,29,6],[30,1,30,6],[31,1,31,6]]}
[]
[null,"Working daysa lost to strikes, 1979-2023"]
[]
[null,null,"Year","Number","Year","Number",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Number"]
[null,null,1979,100000,2002,945000,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1979,100000]
[null,null,1980,250000,2003,700000,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1980,250000]
[null,null,1981,500000,2004,1100000,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1981,500000]
[null,null,1982,150000,2005,2300000,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1982,150000]
[null,null,1983,250000,2006,2900000,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1983,250000]
[null,null,1984,950000,2007,"12 900 000c",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1984,950000]
[null,null,1985,1250000,2008,990000,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1985,1250000]
[null,null,1986,1350000,2009,2900000,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1986,1350000]
[null,null,1987,"9 000 000b",2010,"14 600 000d",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1987,9000000]
[null,null,1988,1500000,2011,6200000,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1988,1500000]
[null,null,1989,3090000,2012,"3 500 000e",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1989,3090000]
[null,null,1990,4000000,2013,5200000,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1990,4000000]
[null,null,1991,3800000,2014,"11 800 000f",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1991,3800000]
[null,null,1992,4200000,2015,640000,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1992,4200000]
[null,null,1993,3600000,2016,550000,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1993,3600000]
[null,null,1994,3900000,2017,480000,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1994,3900000]
[null,null,1995,1600000,2018,1950000,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1995,1600000]
[null,null,1996,1700000,2019,1200000,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1996,1700000]
[null,null,1997,650000,2020,50000,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1997,650000]
[null,null,1998,2300000,2021,1500000,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1998,2300000]
[null,null,1999,3100000,2022,2400000,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1999,3100000]
[null,null,2000,500000,2023,4900000,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2000,500000]
[null,null,2001,1250000]
[null,"Source: Andrew Levy Employment Publications, The Wage Settlement Survey Quarterly Report, December 2023, p8",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2001,1250000]
[null,"a Or mandays. A manday is an industrial unit of production equal to the work one person can produce in a day. Typically 1 manday = 8 man hours = 40 hours per week.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2002,945000]
[null,"b This high level of industrial action was the result of two large strikes in the mining and transport sectors.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2003,700000]
[null,"c This high level of industrial action was the result of a major public service strike.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2004,1100000]
[null,"d This was the highest level of industrial action post-1994 and was largely the result of a public sector strike in September 2010, which alone accounted for the loss of 12 million working days/mandays.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2005,2300000]
[null,"e This figure does not reflect the true impact in terms of the nature of strikes. The year’s activity was dominated by the wave of violent unrest in the mining sector set off by events at Marikana (North West) in August 2012.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2006,2900000]
[null,"f This high level of industrial action was the result of a major strike in the mining sector.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2007,12900000]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2008,990000]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2009,2900000]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2010,14600000]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2011,6200000]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2012,3500000]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2013,5200000]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2014,11800000]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2015,640000]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2016,550000]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2017,480000]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2018,1950000]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2019,1200000]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2020,50000]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2021,1500000]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2022,2400000]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2023,4900000]

{"sheet":"Strike triggers.87-23","index":33,"n_rows":47,"n_cols":7,"rows_kept":47,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[46,0,46,6],[1,0,1,6],[40,0,40,6],[43,0,43,6],[44,0,44,6],[45,0,45,6],[42,0,42,6],[41,0,41,6]]}
[]
["Working daysa lost by strike triggerb, 1987-2023"]
[]
["Year","Wages","Recognition/\nretrenchment","Other grievancesc","Dismissal/\ndisciplined","Otherc","Totale"]
[1987,0.33700000000000002,0.38600000000000001,7.1999999999999995E-2,0.20499999999999999,"–f",1]
[1988,0.40400000000000003,0.216,5.6000000000000001E-2,0.16800000000000001,0.156,1]
[1989,0.76900000000000002,0.05,2.3E-2,3.5000000000000003E-2,0.123,1]
[1990,0.66300000000000003,2.8000000000000001E-2,0.11799999999999999,3.9E-2,0.152,1]
[1991,0.68,0.06,0.16,0.08,0.02,1]
[1992,0.78200000000000003,2.4E-2,0.14099999999999999,4.9000000000000002E-2,4.0000000000000001E-3,1]
[1993,0.68799999999999994,0.13100000000000001,0.16400000000000001,1.7000000000000001E-2,"–f",1]
[1994,0.65300000000000002,0.03,0.19800000000000001,0.106,1.2999999999999999E-2,1]
[1995,0.87,0.02,0.11,0.01,"–f",1]
[1996,0.57399999999999995,0.03,0.37,2.5999999999999999E-2,"–f",1]
[1997,0.70099999999999996,0.18,8.2000000000000003E-2,3.6999999999999998E-2,"–f",1]
[1998,0.96799999999999997,8.0000000000000002E-3,1.2E-2,1.0999999999999999E-2,"–f",1]
[1999,0.97299999999999998,1.9E-2,2E-3,6.0000000000000001E-3,8.0000000000000002E-3,1]
[2000,0.752,6.0000000000000001E-3,0.20499999999999999,3.6999999999999998E-2,"–f",1]
[2001,0.97199999999999998,5.0000000000000001E-3,2.3E-2,"–f","–f",1]
[2002,0.94099999999999995,"–f",5.7000000000000002E-2,2E-3,"–f",1]
[2003,0.76400000000000001,"–f",0.23499999999999999,"–f","–f",1]
[2004,0.97599999999999998,"–f",2.1000000000000001E-2,3.0000000000000001E-3,"–f",1]
[2005,0.70799999999999996,0.16700000000000001,0.125,"–f","–f",1]
[2006,0.92600000000000005,7.1999999999999995E-2,1E-3,"–f","–f",1]
[2007,0.96799999999999997,3.0000000000000001E-3,2.8000000000000001E-2,"–f","–f",1]
[2008,0.38200000000000001,0.44,0.17199999999999999,"–f",6.0000000000000001E-3,1]
[2009,0.98499999999999999,"–f",8.9999999999999993E-3,5.0000000000000001E-3,1E-3,1]
[2010,0.99299999999999999,3.0000000000000001E-3,3.0000000000000001E-3,"–f","–f",1]
[2011,0.97599999999999998,"–f",2.3E-2,"–f","–f",1]
[2012,0.96,"–f",0.04,"–f","–f",1]
[2013,0.95599999999999996,1.0999999999999999E-2,2.9000000000000001E-2,3.0000000000000001E-3,1E-3,1]
[2014,0.68500000000000005,5.2999999999999999E-2,0.21,5.1999999999999998E-2,"–f",1]
[2015,0.81,6.5000000000000002E-2,0.12,5.0000000000000001E-3,"–f",1]
[2016,0.86,8.9999999999999993E-3,0.11,2.1000000000000001E-2,"–f",1]
[2017,0.78,7.0000000000000001E-3,0.14000000000000001,7.2999999999999995E-2,"–f",1]
[2018,0.92,2.5000000000000001E-2,5.5E-2,"–f","–f",1]
[2019,0.92,"–f",0.08,"–f","–f",1]
[2021,0.99,3.0000000000000001E-3,6.0000000000000001E-3,"–f","–f",1]
[2022,0.99,"–f",0.01,"–f","–f",1]
[2023,0.99,"–f",0.01,"–f","–f",1]
["Source: Andrew Levy Employment Publications, Wage Settlement Survey Quarterly Report, December 2023, p9"]
["a Or mandays. A manday is an  industrial unit of production equal to the work one person can produce in a day. Typically 1 manday = 8 man hours =  40 hours per week."]
["b For example, in 2016, 86% of working days were lost to strikes stemming from disputes over wages."]
["c For example, grievances about conditions of employment or discrimination."]
["d Includes sympathy strikes i.e. strikes in which the strikers have no direct grievance against their own employer but attempt to support or aid another group of workers on strike."]
["e Figures should add up horizontally to 100% but may not, owing to rounding."]
["f No strike triggers fell into this category."]

{"sheet":"Working days lost by union.23","index":34,"n_rows":10,"n_cols":5,"rows_kept":10,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[1,2,1,5],[8,2,8,5],[9,2,9,5]]}
[]
[null,null,"Working daysa lost to strikes by trade union, 2023"]
[]
[null,null,null,"Trade union","Proportion of total"]
[null,null,null,"Public Servants Association of South Africa (PSA), National Education, Health and Allied Workers' Union (NEHAWU) and Others",0.94889999999999997]
[null,null,null,"South African Municipal Workers' Union (SAMWU)",4.5199999999999997E-2]
[null,null,null,"National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa (NUMSA)",5.8999999999999999E-3]
[null,null,null,"Total",{"$f":"SUM(E5:E7)","v":1}]
[null,null,"Source: Andrew Levy Employment Publications, Wage Settlement Survey Quarterly Report, December 2023, p9; CRA calculations "]
[null,null,"a Or mandays. A manday is an industrial unit of production equal to the work one person can produce in a day. Typically 1 manday = 8 man hours = 40 hours per week."]

{"sheet":"Work stoppages","index":35,"n_rows":0,"n_cols":0,"rows_kept":0,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}

{"sheet":"Work stoppages.09-23","index":36,"n_rows":23,"n_cols":5,"rows_kept":23,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[1,1,1,6],[22,2,22,5],[3,2,3,5]]}
[]
[null,"Work stoppages"]
[]
[null,null,"Work stoppages, 2009-23"]
[]
[null,null,null,"Year","Number "]
[null,null,null,2009,51]
[null,null,null,2010,74]
[null,null,null,2011,67]
[null,null,null,2012,99]
[null,null,null,2013,114]
[null,null,null,2014,88]
[null,null,null,2015,110]
[null,null,null,2016,122]
[null,null,null,2017,132]
[null,null,null,2018,165]
[null,null,null,2019,157]
[null,null,null,2020,117]
[null,null,null,2021,66]
[null,null,null,2022,87]
[null,null,null,2023,97]
[null,null,null,"2009-23",{"$f":"(E21-E7)/E7","v":0.90196078431372551}]
[null,null,"Source: Department of Employment and  Labour, Annual Industrial Action Report 2023, p3"]

{"sheet":"Work stoppages+employees.17-23","index":37,"n_rows":17,"n_cols":16,"rows_kept":17,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[3,5,3,6],[4,1,4,6],[1,0,1,6],[15,0,15,6],[3,3,3,4],[3,1,3,2]]}
[]
["Employees involved in work stoppages by industry, 2017-23",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Employees involved in work stoppages by industry, 2017 and 2023"]
[]
[null,"—2017—",null,"—2020—",null,"—2023—"]
["Sector","—Employees involved—"]
["Agriculture",7048,{"$f":"B6/Total443","v":5.6327672327672329E-2},1576,{"$f":"D6/D15","v":1.54947302186566E-2},5494,{"$f":"F6/F15","v":8.0177458663514445E-2},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2017,2023]
["Mining",30439,0.24326873126873128,8587,{"$f":"D7/D15","v":8.4424649992134657E-2},12179,{"$f":"F7/F15","v":0.17773594267618173},null,null,null,null,null,null,"Agriculture",5.6327672327672329E-2,0.08]
["Manufacturing",8009,6.4007992007992009E-2,17542,{"$f":"D8/D15","v":0.17246735881705208},3297,{"$f":"F8/F15","v":4.8115231382163656E-2},null,null,null,null,null,null,"Mining",0.24326873126873128,0.17799999999999999]
["Utilities",239,1.9100899100899101E-3,0,{"$f":"D9/D15","v":0},0,{"$f":"F9/F15","v":0},null,null,null,null,null,null,"Manufacturing",6.4007992007992009E-2,4.8000000000000001E-2]
["Construction",1674,1.3378621378621379E-2,452,{"$f":"D10/D15","v":4.4439200880918676E-3},415,{"$f":"F10/F15","v":6.0563606380339445E-3},null,null,null,null,null,null,"Utilities",1.9100899100899101E-3,0]
["Wholesale and retail trade",2161,1.7270729270729271E-2,461,{"$f":"D11/D15","v":4.5324052225892714E-3},5615,{"$f":"F11/F15","v":8.1943289114603857E-2},null,null,null,null,null,null,"Construction",1.3378621378621379E-2,6.0000000000000001E-3]
["Transport",15950,0.12747252747252746,2234,{"$f":"D12/D15","v":2.1963976718577947E-2},1608,{"$f":"F12/F15","v":2.3466573267370078E-2},null,null,null,null,null,null,"Wholesale and retail trade",1.7270729270729271E-2,8.2000000000000003E-2]
["Finance",2629,2.1010989010989013E-2,235,{"$f":"D13/D15","v":2.310445178543338E-3},45,{"$f":"F13/F15","v":6.5671380412416272E-4},null,null,null,null,null,null,"Transport",0.12747252747252746,2.3E-2]
["Community services ",56976,0.45535264735264736,70625,{"$f":"D14/D15","v":0.69436251376435421},39870,{"$f":"F14/F15","v":0.58184843045400814},null,null,null,null,null,null,"Finance",2.1010989010989013E-2,1E-3]
["Total",125125,1,{"$f":"SUM(D6:D14)","v":101712},{"$f":"SUM(E6:E14)","v":1},{"$f":"SUM(F6:F14)","v":68523},{"$f":"SUM(G6:G14)","v":1},null,null,null,null,null,null,"Community services",0.45535264735264736,0.58199999999999996]
["Source: Department of Employment and Labour, Annual Industrial Action Report 2023, p3"]
["a CRA calculations."]