Key takeaways:
- Household consumption expenditure, at 59.9% of the gross domestic product (GDP), is a key driver of South Africa’s economy.
 - Consumer confidence recovered slightly in the first quarter of 2021 but remains very low.
 - Debt levels are rising, with households increasingly struggling to meet their debt obligations.
 - Household spending has diminished, as seen in poor retail and new vehicle sales.
 - Online activity remains strong, despite the easing of lockdown restrictions.