The Economy

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Table of Contents:

LEADING INDICATORS 98
Local indicators 98
Major indicators, 1955–2011 98
Current account surplus/deficit as proportion of GDP, 1955–2011 99
Further major indicators, 1993–2012 100
Key indicators and forecasts, 2009–15 100
International comparisons 101
Key economic indicators and forecasts, selected countries 101
Spending, savings, and trade as proportion of GDP, selected countries, 2010 102
Spending, savings, and trade as proportion of GDP, emerging markets, 2010 103
Spending, savings, and trade as proportion of GDP, selected African countries, 2010 104
   
ECONOMIC PROFILE 105
Gross domestic product (GDP) 105
Real growth and income levels and trends, 1961–2011 105
Real total gross domestic product, 1961–2011 106
Real annual economic growth, 1961–2011 107
Real GDP and personal disposable income per capita, 1961–2011 107
Real GDP per head, 1965–2014 108
GDP growth, 1910–2015 108
Income and rankings, selected countries, 2010 109
GDP per capita average annual growth, selected countries, 1970–1990 and 1990–2010 110
Structure of GDP 111
Breakdown by industry of gross value added, 1951 and 2011 111
Breakdown of gross value added by industry, 1951–2011 112
Breakdown of gross value added by industry, 2000–11 113
Gross value added by sector and subsector, 2010 114
Expenditure on gross domestic product, 1950–2011 115
Expenditure on GDP, 2000–11 116
Change in expenditure on GDP, 2000–11 116
Type of expenditure as proportion of GDP, 1950–2011 117
Changes in spending as proportion of GDP, 1950–2011 117
Provincial and local economies 118
Provincial economies 118
Regional GDP and GDP growth trends, 1995–2010 118
Average annual economic growth, 2001–10 118
GDP per head by province, 1996–2011 119
GDP by province and industry, 2010 (actual numbers) 119
GDP by province and industry, 2010 (proportions) 120
GDP growth by province and industry, 2010 121
Provincial contribution to GDP, national population, and employment, 2010 122
Urban economies 122
Economic indicators for 16 selected urban areas 122
Inflation and interest rates 124
Inflation and interest rates, 1976–2011 124
Inflation rates, 1976–2011 125
Interest rates, 1976–2011 125
Components of the CPI, 2011 126
CPI by province and area, 2009–11 126
Group and product inflation for all urban areas, 2010–11 127
Regulated administered prices in South Africa 128
CPI and CPI for administered prices and food, 2010–11 129
Administered prices average annual inflation, 2009–11 130
Breakdown of Gauteng unleaded petrol price 95, May 2012 130
Repurchase (repo) rate, dates of change 131
Saving 132
Personal saving, household debt, and gross domestic saving, 1960–2011 132
Saving, 1960–2011 133
Investment 134
All investment 134
Real gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), 1960–2011 134
Investment (GFCF) as a proportion of GDP, 1960–2011 135
Annual change in investment, 1960–2011 136
Investment by type of investment, 1998–2011 136
Investment by type of investment, 2001 and 2011 137
Investment by type of investor, 1960–2011 137
Private investment as proportion of total investment, 1960–2011  
GFCF by kind of economic activity, 1960–2011 140
Foreign investment 140
Inward investment 140
Foreign liabilities (foreign investment in South Africa), 1975–2010 140
Foreign liabilities (foreign investment in South Africa), 1956–2010 141
Foreign liabilities (foreign investment in South Africa), 1999–2010 142
Foreign direct investment inflow/outflow, 1994–2011 143
Foreign liabilities (foreign investment in South Africa) by region at 31st December 2010 144
Foreign direct investment (FDI) in South Africa by kind of economic activity, 1989–2010 145
Foreign direct investment (FDI) in South Africa by kind of economic activity as a proportion of total FDI, 1989–2010 145
Purchases and sales by foreigners on the JSE by month, 2009–12 146
Net purchases by foreigners on JSE, 2009–12 146
Outward investment 147
Foreign assets (South African investment in other countries), 1975–2010 147
Foreign assets (South African investment in other countries) by region at 31st December 2010 148
Foreign African assets (South African investment in Africa), 1994–2010 148
Foreign African assets (South African investment in Africa) by country at 31st December 2010 149
International comparisons 150
FDI stock as proportion of GDP, selected countries, 2004–11 150
FDI stock as proportion of GDP, emerging markets, 2004–11 151
FDI stock as proportion of GDP, selected African countries, 2004–11 152
Top ten recipients of FDI inflows in Africa, 2010–11 153
The exchange rate 154
The rand/euro and rand/pound exchange rate, 1990–2011 154
The value of the rand in euros and pounds, 1990–2011 154
The rand/dollar and real effective exchange rates, 1970–2011 155
The value of the rand in dollars, 1970–2011 156
Index of real effective exchange rate (average), 1990–2011 157
Weighting of 15 currencies in the ‘basket’ against which the rand is measured 157
Trade 158
South Africa’s chief trading partners, 2011 158
South Africa’s trade with the world, 2011 159
South Africa’s exports by region, 2011 159
Imports to South Africa by area, 2011 160
Exports from South Africa by area, 2011 160
South Africa’s trade with emerging markets, 2011 161
South Africa’s trade with selected African countries, 2011 162
Composition of exports and imports, 1991–2011 163
Exports from South Africa by sector, 1991–2011 164
Imports into South Africa by sector, 1991–2011 164
Growth in export and import value, selected countries, 1990–2010 165
Exports of goods and services as a proportion of GDP, selected countries, 2000 and 2010 166
Prices of key exports and imports 167
Average London gold price, 1946–2012 167
Brent crude oil and platinum prices, 1981–2011 168
Oil price, 1981–2011 169
Crude oil prices, 1861–2010 169
Crude oil prices, 1861–2011, constant 2011 prices 169
FORECASTS OF KEY ECONOMIC INDICATORS, 2013–16 170
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