The Economy

The Economic chapter in the South African Survey 2009/2010 features 99 pages of in-depth economic research into the country. It includes the macro-economic position of the country with key international comparisons as well as a very detailed economic profile of the country. A review of South Africa’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) includes a breakdown of real growth and income level trends from 1961-2009, gross national income per capita for 2008 using purchasing power parity, a breakdown of industry by gross value added, and a look at provincial and local economies. Data is presented inflation trends and components from 1976 to 2009 including data by province and area. The chapter further includes statistics on saving, investment, the exchange rate, and trade including imports, exports and their composition. The public finance section of the chapter includes the total tax revenue for years 2003-2009, taxable income and tax assessed by age group, and sex, as well as by source of income and by province. A breakdown of the budget for 2009/2010 in terms of national and provincial spending, budget deficit and balance of payments as a proportion of GDP and public debt is also contained within the chapter. On a smaller scale, provincial budgets and municipal finance are included.

THE ECONOMY

MACRO-ECONOMIC PICTURE
South Africa at a glance

LEADING INDICATORS
Local indicators
Major indicators, 1955–2009
Current account surplus/deficit as proportion of GDP, 1955–2009
Further major indicators, 1993–2010
Key indicators and forecasts, 2007–13

International comparisons
Key economic indicators and forecasts, selected countries
Spending, savings, and trade as proportion of GDP, selected countries, 2008

ECONOMIC PROFILE
Gross domestic product
Real growth and income levels and trends, 1961–2009
Real total gross domestic product, 1961–2009
Real annual economic growth, 1961–2009
Real GDP and personal disposable income per capita, 1961–2009
Real GDP per head, 1965–2012
Gross national income per capita, selected countries, 2008
Income and rankings, selected countries, 2008
Gross national income per capita, 2008, using purchasing power parity, selected countries
GDP per capita average annual growth, selected countries, 1970–2008
Structure of GDP
Breakdown by industry of gross value added, 1951–2009
Breakdown by industry of gross value added, 1951 and 2009
Expenditure on gross domestic product, 1950–2009
Type of expenditure as proportion of gross domestic expenditure (GDE) and gross domestic product (GDP)
Provincial and local economies
Provincial economies
Regional GDP and GDP growth trends, 1995–2008
Average annual economic growth, 2002–08
Gross domestic product (GDP) by province, 2007–2012
GDP per head by province, 1996–2009
Regional GDP by province and industry (actual numbers), 2008
Regional GDP by province and industry, 1998 and 2008 (proportions)
Provincial contribution to GDP and national population, 2008
Economic growth of urban areas
Economic indicators for 19 major urban areas

Inflation and interest rates
Inflation and interest rates, 1976–2009
Inflation rates, 1976–2009
Interest rates, 1976–2009
Components of CPI, 2010
CPI by province and area, 2009
Group and product inflation for all urban areas, 2009
Repurchase (repo) rate, dates of change

Saving
Personal saving, household debt, and gross domestic saving, 1960–2009
Gross domestic saving, 1960–2009

Investment
All investment
Real gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), 1960–2009
Investment (GFCF) as a proportion of GDP, 1960–2009
Annual increase/decrease in investment, 1960–2009
Investment by type of investment, 1998–2009
Investment by type of investment (proportions), 1998 and 2009
Investment by type of investor, 1960–2009
Private investment as proportion of total investment, 1960–2009
GFCF by kind of economic activity, 1960–2009
Foreign investment
Inward investment
Foreign liabilities (foreign investment in South Africa), 1956–2008
Foreign direct investment inflows, 1994–2009
Foreign liabilities (foreign investment in South Africa) by region at 31st December 2008
Foreign direct investment (FDI) in South Africa by kind of economic activity, 1998 and 2008
Outward investment
Foreign assets (South African investment in other countries), 1975–2008
Foreign assets (South African investment in other countries) by region at 31st December 2008
International comparisons
FDI flows (inward) as proportion of GFCF, selected countries, 2002–2009
FDI stock as proportion of GDP, selected countries, 2002–2009

The exchange rate
The rand/euro and rand/pound exchange rate, 1990–2009
The value of the rand in euros and pounds, 1990–2009
The rand/dollar and real effective exchange rates, 1970–2009
The value of the rand in dollars, 1970–2009
Index of real effective exchange rate (average), 1990–2009
Weighting of 13 currencies in the ‘basket’ against which the rand is measured

Trade
South Africa’s chief trading partners, 2009
South Africa’s trade with the world, 2009
South Africa’s exports by region, 2009
Imports to South Africa by area, 2009 (proportions)
Exports from South Africa by area, 2009 (proportions)
Composition of exports and imports, 1990–2009
Exports from South Africa by sector, 1990–2009 (proportions)
Imports to South Africa by sector, 1990–2009 (proportions)
Growth in export and import value, 1990–2008
Exports of goods and services as a proportion of GDP, selected countries, 1995 and 2008
Growth in real value of exports, 1960–2004
Average London gold price, 1946–2009
Brent crude oil and platinum prices, 1981–2009
Oil price, 1981–2009

PUBLIC FINANCE
Revenue and taxation
All tax revenues
Total tax revenue, 2003/04–2008/09
National revenues
Government finance as a proportion of GDP, 1976–2013
Income tax as a proportion of GDP, 1976–2013
Composition of national tax revenue, selected years, 1984/85–2010/11
Tax revenue by main source, 1994/95, 2003/04, 2008/09, and 2009/10
Tax revenue by main source as proportion of GDP, 1994/95, 2003/04, and 2008/09
Number of registered taxpayers, 2002/03–2009/10
Maximum marginal tax rates, 2002/03–2009/10
Individual taxpayers
Number of taxpayers, 2005/06–2008/09
Summary of taxable income and tax assessed, 2002/03–2007/08
Taxable income and tax assessed by income group (numbers), 2005 and 2008
Taxable income and tax assessed by income group (proportions), 2005 and 2008
Taxable income and tax assessed by age group, and sex, 2005 and 2008
Tax assessed by economic activity, 2005 and 2008
Tax assessed by source of income (proportion of total), 2005 and 2008
Taxable income and tax assessed by province, 2005 and 2008
Corporate taxpayers
Taxable income and tax assessed by sector and economic activity, 2005 and 2008
Tax assessments, 2002/03–2007/08
Provincial and local revenues
Provincial and local government tax revenue, 2003/04–2008/09
International comparisons
Top personal income tax rates, selected countries, 1980–2008
Tax revenue, 2008, and business tax, selected countries, 2009
Marginal tax rate, selected countries, 2009

Budget 2009/2010
Breakdown of consolidated national and provincial spending by function and proportion, 2010/11–2012/13
Changes in consolidated national and provincial spending by function over seven years, 2006/07–2012/13
Breakdown of consolidated national and provincial spending as a proportion of total spending, 2006/07–2012/13
Key allocations as proportions of the budget trends, 2006/07–2012/13
Major spending components, 2006/07–2012/13
Major spending components, 2006/07 and 2010/11 (proportions)
Public sector infrastructure expenditure and estimates, 2006/07–2012/13
Key indicators and forecasts, 2007–13
Division of revenue between spheres of government, 2009/10–2012/13
Deficit
Budget deficit/surplus (actual and projected), 1960/61–2012/13
Budget balance as a proportion of GDP, selected countries, 2010
Public debt
Total debt of government, 1982–2013
Foreign debt as proportion of GDP, 1982–2013
Government debt as proportion of GDP, 1982–2013

Provincial budgets
Consolidated budgets
Summary of expenditure outcomes by province, 2008/09–2009/10
Provincial own revenue collection, 2008/09–2009/10
Provincial personnel expenditure, 2009/10
Provincial education expenditure, 2009/10
Provincial capital expenditure on education, 2009/10
Provincial health expenditure, 2009/10
Provincial capital expenditure on health, 2009/10
Provincial capital expenditure on health, growth, 2008/09–2009/10

Municipal finance
Financial results for all district municipalities
Financial data for six metropolitan and two district municipalities
Financial data for the six metropolitans

FORECASTS OF KEY ECONOMIC INDICATORS, 2011–14