South Africa Survey 2012

Non-subscribers:

POPULATION PROFILE	2
Breakdown by race and age, 1911–2040	2
Population by race, 1911–2025	2
Population by race, 1911 and 2011	2
Projected population, 2010–40	3
Projected population by age, 2010–40	4
Projected population by age, 2010 and 2040	4
Population estimates for 2012 and the 2011 census	4
Breakdown by race, 1992–2025	5
Population by race, 1992–2025	5
Breakdown by race, sex, and age, 2011	6
Population by race, sex, and age, 2011	6
Breakdown by race and sex	10
Male/female population distribution by race, 2011	10
Breakdown by race and age	10
Age profile by race, 2011 (actual numbers)	10
Age profile by race, 2011 (proportions)	10
Growth rate and forecasts by sex and race, 2001–40	11
Estimated annual population growth rates by sex, 2001–11	11
Annual population growth rate, 2010–40	11
Population by race, 2010 and 2025	12
Population by race, 2010–40	12
Population by race, 2010 and 2040	13
Relative population by sex, 2010–40	13
Average annual population growth, selected countries,
1990–95 and 2010–15	14
Average annual population growth, emerging markets,
1990–95 and 2010–15	15
Average annual population growth, selected African countries,
1990–95 and 2010–15	16
Breakdown by province	17
Population by province, 2011	17
Population growth rates and possible contributing factors	17
Average annual population growth rates by province,
2001–21	19
Breakdown by race, sex, and province	20
Population by race and province, 2012 and
2015 (actual numbers)	20
Population by race and province, 2012 and
2015 (proportions)	21
Population by sex and province, 2012 and 2015
(actual numbers)	22
Population by sex and province, 2012 and 2015 (proportions)	22
Male/female differentiation by province, 2012 and 2015	23
Inter–provincial migration	24
Internal migration by province, 2006–11	24
Population density	25
Population density by province, 2011	25
Breakdown by municipality	26
Geography and demographics of district and metropolitan
municipalities, 2011	26
Population by municipality and race, 2011	28
Breakdown of district and metropolitan municipalities by
race, sex, and age, 2007	30
Geographical distribution and urbanisation	30
Proportions of people living in urban areas by province and
race, 1998, 2003, and 2008	30
Area size and population density of 16 selected
urban areas, 2011	30
Population of 16 selected urban areas by race, 2000–11	31
The five fastest-growing urban areas, 2000-11	34
Population of 16 selected urban areas by race, 2011	34
Urban and rural populations in South Africa, 1990 and 2011	35
Urban and rural populations as a proportion of total
population, selected countries, 1990 and 2011	36
Urban and rural populations as a proportion of total
population, emerging markets, 1990 and 2011	37
Urban and rural populations as a proportion of total
population, selected African countries, 1990 and 2011	38
DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS	39
Fertility rate	39
Fertility rate, 2001–11	39
Fertility rate by province, 2001–06 and 2006–11	40
Fertility rate, 2010–40	40
Total fertility rate, international comparisons, 2010	41
Births	42
Birth rate, 2001–11	42
Recorded live births by sex, 1991–2011	42
Births by numbers and rate, 2010–25	43
Births minus deaths	44
Births minus deaths, 1985–2025	44
Mortality	45
Death rate, 2001–11	45
Number of registered deaths, 1997–2009	45
Deaths by age and sex, 2009	46
Mortality rate, 2010–40	46
Infant mortality rate, 1985–2011	47
Infant and under five mortality rate, selected countries,
1990 and 2011	48
Average adult mortality rates by sex, selected countries,
2006–10	49
Average adult mortality rates by sex, emerging markets,
2006–10	50
Average adult mortality rates by sex, selected African
countries, 2006–10	51
Life expectancy	52
Life expectancy at birth by sex, 2001–11	52
Life expectancy by province and sex, 2001–06 and 2006–11	52
Life expectancy at birth by race, 1985–2025 (ASSA)	53
Life expectancy at birth by race, 1985–2040 (IFR)	54
Life expectancy at birth by sex, 2010–40	55
Life expectancy at birth, selected countries, 1990 and 2010	56
Survival to age 65 by sex, selected countries, 2010	57
Survival to age 65 by sex, emerging markets, 2010	58
Survival to age 65 by sex, selected African countries, 2010	59
Dependency	60
Dependency ratio by race, 2000–40	60
Old-age dependency ratio by race, 2000–40	61
Dependency ratio, selected countries, 1990 and 2010	62
Impact of HIV/AIDS	63
Number and proportion of people HIV-positive, 2001–11	63
Change in effects of HIV/AIDS on total population, 2000–25	63
Effects of HIV/AIDS on total population, 2000–25	64
AIDS deaths by province, 2000–25	65
Non-AIDS deaths by province, 2000–25	65
Effects of HIV/AIDS on provincial populations, 2000–25	66
Impact of HIV/AIDS on the size of the South African
population, 2000–40	69
HOUSEHOLDS	70
Households by province, 2011	70
Household numbers by race, 2001–11	70
Households by district and metropolitan
municipalities, 2011	71
Households by type, 2010	73
FAMILIES	74
Marriage registrations, 2003–10	74
Children by province, 2010	74
Child-headed households by province, 2002–10	75
Orphans by province, 2010	75
Orphans by race, 2010	76
Orphans, selected African countries, 2009	76
Orphans, 2010–25	76
Children living with/without their parents by race, 2010	77
Children living without any parent by race, 2010	77
Children living in skip generation households by race, 2010	77
Children with/without fathers by race, 1996–2010	78
Teenage pregnancy by province, 2002 and 2008	78
Teenage fertility rate, 1997–2010	79
Pupils who got pregnant in ordinary schools by province
and grade, 2009	79
Teenage fertility rate, international comparisons, 2010	80
RELIGION	81
Major religious affiliations, 2001 and 2011	81
Major religious affiliations, 2011	82
LANGUAGE	83
Home languages, 2011	83
Home languages by race, 2011	84
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX	85
Human Development Index, selected countries, 1980–2011	85
Human Development Index, South Africa, 1980–2011	86
Human Development Index, selected countries, 1980–2011	86
Human Development Index rankings, selected countries,
2000–11	87
Human Development Index rankings, emerging markets,
2000–11	88
Human Development Index rankings, selected African
countries, 2000–11	89
MIGRATION	90
Emigration	90
South Africans living in foreign countries, 2010	90
Immigration	91
Residence permits issued, 2009/10 and 2010/11	91
Work permits, 2009/10-2011/12	92
Work permits issued, 2009/10-2011/12	92
SADC immigrants to South Africa and remittances, 2011	93
Foreigners employed in gold, platinum, and coal mines,
selected countries, 1996 and 2011	93
Refugees and asylum seekers	94
Asylum applications, 2009/10	94
Deportations	95
Deportations, 2003-10	95

Economy

The Economy chapter comprises 73 pages of data on all aspects of the South African economy plus numerous comparisons with other countries across the globe.

The Economy

For more detail on what the chapter contains, you will find the complete table of contents below.

Subscribers:

Non-subscribers:

LEADING INDICATORS	98
Local indicators	98
Major indicators, 1955–2011	98
Current account surplus/deficit as proportion of GDP, 1955–2011	99
Further major indicators, 1993–2012	100
Key indicators and forecasts, 2009–15	100
International comparisons	101
Key economic indicators and forecasts, selected countries	101
Spending, savings, and trade as proportion of GDP, selected countries, 2010	102
Spending, savings, and trade as proportion of GDP, emerging markets, 2010	103
Spending, savings, and trade as proportion of GDP, selected African countries, 2010	104

ECONOMIC PROFILE	105
Gross domestic product (GDP)	105
Real growth and income levels and trends, 1961–2011	105
Real total gross domestic product, 1961–2011	106
Real annual economic growth, 1961–2011	107
Real GDP and personal disposable income per capita, 1961–2011	107
Real GDP per head, 1965–2014	108
GDP growth, 1910–2015	108
Income and rankings, selected countries, 2010	109
GDP per capita average annual growth, selected countries, 1970–1990 and 1990–2010	110
Structure of GDP	111
Breakdown by industry of gross value added, 1951 and 2011	111
Breakdown of gross value added by industry, 1951–2011	112
Breakdown of gross value added by industry, 2000–11	113
Gross value added by sector and subsector, 2010	114
Expenditure on gross domestic product, 1950–2011	115
Expenditure on GDP, 2000–11	116
Change in expenditure on GDP, 2000–11	116
Type of expenditure as proportion of GDP, 1950–2011	117
Changes in spending as proportion of GDP, 1950–2011	117
Provincial and local economies	118
Provincial economies	118
Regional GDP and GDP growth trends, 1995–2010	118
Average annual economic growth, 2001–10	118
GDP per head by province, 1996–2011	119
GDP by province and industry, 2010 (actual numbers)	119
GDP by province and industry, 2010 (proportions)	120
GDP growth by province and industry, 2010	121
Provincial contribution to GDP, national population, and employment, 2010	122
Urban economies	122
Economic indicators for 16 selected urban areas	122
Inflation and interest rates	124
Inflation and interest rates, 1976–2011	124
Inflation rates, 1976–2011	125
Interest rates, 1976–2011	125
Components of the CPI, 2011	126
CPI by province and area, 2009–11	126
Group and product inflation for all urban areas, 2010–11	127
Regulated administered prices in South Africa	128
CPI and CPI for administered prices and food, 2010–11	129
Administered prices average annual inflation, 2009–11	130
Breakdown of Gauteng unleaded petrol price 95, May 2012	130
Repurchase (repo) rate, dates of change	131
Saving	132
Personal saving, household debt, and gross domestic saving, 1960–2011	132
Saving, 1960–2011	133
Investment	134
All investment	134
Real gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), 1960–2011	134
Investment (GFCF) as a proportion of GDP, 1960–2011	135
Annual change in investment, 1960–2011	136
Investment by type of investment, 1998–2011	136
Investment by type of investment, 2001 and 2011	137
Investment by type of investor, 1960–2011	137
Private investment as proportion of total investment, 1960–2011
GFCF by kind of economic activity, 1960–2011	140
Foreign investment	140
Inward investment	140
Foreign liabilities (foreign investment in South Africa), 1975–2010	140
Foreign liabilities (foreign investment in South Africa), 1956–2010	141
Foreign liabilities (foreign investment in South Africa), 1999–2010	142
Foreign direct investment inflow/outflow, 1994–2011	143
Foreign liabilities (foreign investment in South Africa) by region at 31st December 2010	144
Foreign direct investment (FDI) in South Africa by kind of economic activity, 1989–2010	145
Foreign direct investment (FDI) in South Africa by kind of economic activity as a proportion of total FDI, 1989–2010	145
Purchases and sales by foreigners on the JSE by month, 2009–12	146
Net purchases by foreigners on JSE, 2009–12	146
Outward investment	147
Foreign assets (South African investment in other countries), 1975–2010	147
Foreign assets (South African investment in other countries) by region at 31st December 2010	148
Foreign African assets (South African investment in Africa), 1994–2010	148
Foreign African assets (South African investment in Africa) by country at 31st December 2010	149
International comparisons	150
FDI stock as proportion of GDP, selected countries, 2004–11	150
FDI stock as proportion of GDP, emerging markets, 2004–11	151
FDI stock as proportion of GDP, selected African countries, 2004–11	152
Top ten recipients of FDI inflows in Africa, 2010–11	153
The exchange rate	154
The rand/euro and rand/pound exchange rate, 1990–2011	154
The value of the rand in euros and pounds, 1990–2011	154
The rand/dollar and real effective exchange rates, 1970–2011	155
The value of the rand in dollars, 1970–2011	156
Index of real effective exchange rate (average), 1990–2011	157
Weighting of 15 currencies in the ‘basket’ against which the rand is measured	157
Trade	158
South Africa’s chief trading partners, 2011	158
South Africa’s trade with the world, 2011	159
South Africa’s exports by region, 2011	159
Imports to South Africa by area, 2011	160
Exports from South Africa by area, 2011	160
South Africa’s trade with emerging markets, 2011	161
South Africa’s trade with selected African countries, 2011	162
Composition of exports and imports, 1991–2011	163
Exports from South Africa by sector, 1991–2011	164
Imports into South Africa by sector, 1991–2011	164
Growth in export and import value, selected countries, 1990–2010	165
Exports of goods and services as a proportion of GDP, selected countries, 2000 and 2010	166
Prices of key exports and imports	167
Average London gold price, 1946–2012	167
Brent crude oil and platinum prices, 1981–2011	168
Oil price, 1981–2011	169
Crude oil prices, 1861–2010	169
Crude oil prices, 1861–2011, constant 2011 prices	169
FORECASTS OF KEY ECONOMIC INDICATORS, 2013–16	170

Public Finance

The Public Finance chapter presents 40 pages of detailed information on how much the Government receives from whom, how much it spends and on what.

For more detail on what the chapter contains, you will find the complete table of contents below.

Subscribers:

Non-subscribers:

REVENUE AND TAXATION	174
National revenues	174
Government finance as a proportion of GDP, 1977–2015	174
Income tax as a proportion of GDP, 1977–2015	175
Composition of national tax revenue, selected years, 1984/85–2012/13	175
Tax revenue by main source, 1994/95–2010/11	176
Tax revenue by main source as proportion of GDP, 1994/95–2010/11	176
Registered taxpayers, 2002/03–2010/11	177
Maximum marginal tax rates, 2002/03–2010/11	177
Individual taxpayers	178
What we will pay in 2011/12—2012/13	178
Number of taxpayers, 2006–10	178
Summary of taxable income and tax assessed, 2002–10	179
Assessed individual taxpayers by selected taxable income groups, 2007–10	179
Assessed individual taxpayers and tax assessed, 2009	180
Taxable income and tax assessed by age group, 2010	180
Assessed individual taxpayers by age group, 2007–10	181
Taxable income and tax assessed by sex, 2010	181
Assessed individual taxpayers by taxable income group and sex, 2009	182
Tax assessed by sector and economic activity, 2010	183
Assessed individual taxpayers’ tax assessed by selected sector, 2010	183
Taxable income and tax assessed by province, 2010	184
Taxpayers by province, 2010	184
Corporate taxpayers	185
Taxable income and tax assessed by sector and economic activity, 2009	185
Companies tax assessed by sector, 2009	185
Tax assessments, 2007–10	186
Companies and tax assessed, 2009 (taxable income greater than R500 000)	186
International comparisons	187
Top personal income tax rates, selected countries, 1985–2010	187
BUDGET 2011/2012	188
Breakdown of consolidated national and provincial spending by function and proportion, 2012/13–2014/15	188
Changes in consolidated national and provincial spending by function, 2008/09–2014/15	189
Breakdown of consolidated national and provincial spending as a proportion of total spending, 2008/09–2014/15	190
Main allocations as a proportion of the budget, 2008/09 and 2012/13	191
Main allocations as a proportion of the budget, 2008/09–2014/15	192
Major spending components, 2008/09–2014/15	192
Major spending components, 2008/09 and 2014/15	193
Public infrastructure expenditure by sector, 2011/12–2014/15	193
Consolidated budget vs GDP, 2012/13–2014/15	194
Division of revenue between spheres of government, 2011/12–2014/15	194
Key indicators and forecasts, 2009–15	195
LONGER-TERM BUDGETARY TRENDS	195
Expenditure	195
Expenditure allocations, 1994/95 and 2014/15	195
Expenditure under the new constitution, 1994/95–2014/15	196
Budgets and GDP	197
National government finance as a percentage of GDP, 1961–2016	197
Deficit	198
Budget deficit/surplus (actual and projected), 1961–2016	198
Public debt	199
Total debt of government, 1982–2015	199
Foreign debt as proportion of GDP, 1982–2015	200
Government debt as proportion of GDP, 1982–2015	200
State debt cost, 1983–2016	201
International comparisons	202
Budget balance as a proportion of GDP, selected countries, 2012	202
General government net debt and gross debt as proportion of GDP, selected countries, 2000–13
PROVINCIAL BUDGETS	204
Overall budget outcomes	204
Summary of expenditure outcomes by province,	204
Own revenue collection	204
Provincial own revenue, 2010/11–2011/12	204
Breakdown of provincial expenditure	205
Provincial expenditure by type, 2011/12	205
Provincial personnel expenditure, 2011/12	205
Provincial education expenditure, 2011/12	206
Provincial capital expenditure on education, 2011/12	206
Provincial health expenditure, 2011/12	207
Provincial capital expenditure on health, 2011/12	207
All provincial expenditure	207
MUNICIPAL FINANCE	208
Operating and capital revenue and expenditure by metros and district municipality, 2009/10	208
Aggregate revenue and expenditure for all municipalities, Dec-11	209
Aggregate revenue and expenditure for metros, 2011/12	210
Aggregate revenue and expenditure for secondary cities, Dec-11	211
National debtors age analysis for all municipalities, as at 30 June 2012	211
Metros’ debtors age analysis, as at 30 June 2011 and 2012	212
Metros’ debtors by customer group, as at 30 June 2012	212
Secondary cities’ debtors by customer group, as at 30 June 2012	213
Municipal revenue sources	213

Employment

The 70-page Employment chapter shows you the winners and losers in South Africa’s labour market. It is packed with detail on employment, unemployment, employment equity, labour shortages, and job creation. Most indicators are broken down by race, sex, province, and industry, and show trends over the last decade.

For more detail on what the chapter contains, you will find the complete table of contents below.

Subscribers:

Non-subscribers:

THE OVERALL EMPLOYMENT PICTURE	216
Labour market trends	216
Labour market trends 2001 and 2012	216
Labour market trends, 2011–12	217
Change in labour market indicators, 2001–12 and 2011–12	218
Employment, unemployment, and discouraged workseekers, 1994–2012	218
Change in employment and GDP, 1995–2012	219
Dependency on employed population, 1994–2012	220
Labour market participation and absorption rates	220
Labour market participation by race, 1994–2012	221
Labour market participation rate, 1994–2012	221
Labour market participation rate by race and sex, 2012	222
Factors affecting labour market participation, 2011	222
Labour market participation and social grants	223
Labour force participation and unemployment rates, selected countries, 1990 and 2010	224
Labour force participation and unemployment rates, emerging markets, 1990 and 2010	225
Labour force absorption rate by race, 2001–12	226
Labour market participation and absorption rates, 2001–12	226
Economically active population	227
Definition	227
Economically active population by race, 2001–12	227
Economically active population by race, 2012	228
Economically active population by race and sex, 2012	228
EMPLOYMENT	229
Stats SA vs Adcorp estimates of employment	229
Employment by race, 1994–2012	229
Overall employment by economic sector and industry	230
Overall employment by economic sector and industry, 2001–12	230
Change in overall employment by economic sector and industry, 2001–12 and 2011–12	231
Employment by industry, sex, and race	232
Employment by industry and sex, 2001 and 2012	232
Employment by industry, sex, and race, 2012 (actual numbers)	233
Employment by industry, sex, and race, 2012 (proportions)	234
Employment by occupation	235
Employment by occupation, 2001 and 2012	235
Employment by occupation, race, and sex, 2012 (actual numbers)	236
Employment by occupation, race, and sex, 2012 (proportions)	237
Employment equity	238
Employment equity employment by occupation, race, and sex, 2011	238
Employment equity top management employment by race, sex, and industry, 2011	239
Employment equity proportion of employed with disabilities, 2001–11	239
Employment in management by race and sex, 2000–11	240
Top management by race and sex, 2011	240
Employment equity in context, 2011	241
Black employees in the workforce at different levels of seniority, 1996–2011	242
Segments of the working population	243
Non-agricultural, non-domestic formal sector	243
Non-agricultural, non-domestic, formal private and public sector employment, 2011–12	243
Non-agricultural, non-domestic, formal private and public sector employment, 2006–12	244
Informal sector	245
Informal sector employment (non-agricultural) by industry, 2006–12	245
Agriculture	245
Employment in agriculture by sector, 2001–12	245
Paid workers in the formal agricultural sector, 2007–09	246
Private households	246
Employment in private households, 2001–12	246
Employment in the public sector	247
The public service	247
State employees as a proportion of total employment, 1999–2011	247
State employees by province and sex, 2011	248
State employees by province and race (actual numbers), 2011	248
State employees by province and race (proportions), 2011	248
State employees by race and sex, 2011	249
State employees by level of management, 2010	249
State employees with disabilities by province, 2010	250
Employees in national departments by race, 2011	251
State-owned enterprises and public institutions	252
Employees in state-owned enterprises and public institutions by race, 2011	252
Employees of general government	253
Employees by level of government, 2011	253
Expanded Public Works Programme	254
Number and average length of work opportunities created by the EPWP, 2004/05–2011/12	254
Characteristics of the employed	254
Employment by age group, 2012	254
Employment by highest level of education, 2012	255
Job creation	255
Factors affecting job creation, emerging market comparisons, 2000–09	255
Job creation in public sector programmes	256
UNEMPLOYMENT	257
Statistics	258
Unemployment numbers by race, 1994–2012 (official definition)	258
Number of unemployed (official definition), 1994–2012	258
Unemployment numbers by race, 1994–2012 (expanded definition)	259
Number of unemployed (expanded definition), 1994–2012	259
Unemployment rate by race, 1994–2012 (official definition)	260
Unemployment rate (official definition), 1994–2012	260
Unemployment rate by race, 1994–2012 (expanded definition)	261
Unemployment rate (expanded definition), 1994–2012	261
Characteristics of the unemployed (official definition)	262
Unemployment by industry and occupation, 2012	262
Categories of unemployed people, 2012	262
Unemployment by age group, 2012	263
Unemployment rate by age group, 2012	263
Unemployment numbers and rates by age, race, and sex, 2012	264
Unemployment by highest level of education, 2012	265
Unemployment by length of time, 2012	265
Job search activities of the unemployed, 2011	266
Top five job search activities of the unemployed, 2011	266
International comparisons	267
Unemployment rates, international comparisons, 2012	267
UNDERUTILISATION AND NON-PARTICIPATION OF LABOUR	268
Not economically active	268
Persons not economically active, 2012	268
Discouraged workseekers	269
Discouraged workseekers by race, 2001–12	269
Discouraged workseekers by race and sex, 2011–12	270
Change in discouraged workseekers by race, 2011–12	270
LABOUR SHORTAGES	271
Job vacancies by industry, 2011	271
Job vacancies by occupation, 2011	271
Job vacancies by level of education required, 2011	272
PROVINCIAL LABOUR MARKET DATA	273
Overall data	273
Economically active population by province, 2012	273
Trends	273
Labour market trends by province, 2011–12	273
Change in unemployment rate by province, 2011–12	275
Unemployment	276
Unemployment numbers by province, 2005–12	276
Unemployment rate by province, 2005–12	276
MUNICIPAL LABOUR MARKET DATA	277
Labour market status	277
Labour market status by district municipality, 2011	277
Employment by industry and district municipality, 2011	279

Assets and Incomes

The 40-page Assets and Incomes chapter provides up-to-date information on whom in South Africa earns how much, by sector and occupation, and where they do it.

For more detail on what the chapter contains, you will find the complete table of contents below.

Subscribers:

Non-subscribers:

ASSETS	286
Fixed and financial assets	286
Ownership of certain assets, 2011	286
Ownership of certain assets, by type of asset, 2011	286
Ownership of certain assets by race, 2011	287
Ownership of certain assets by type and race, 2011	287
Value of certain assets by type and race, 2011	287
Asset ownership and debt by race, 2011	288
Property ownership by race, 2011	288
Home ownership by race, 2011 (actual numbers)	288
Home ownership by race, 2011 (proportions)	289
Movable assets	289
Household ownership of motor vehicles by income category, 2011/12	289
Household ownership of motor vehicles by province, Dec-11	289
Household appliances and electronics by income category, 2011/12 (actual numbers)	290
Household appliances and electronics by income category, 2011/12 (proportions)	290
Household appliances and electronics by province, 2011/12 (actual numbers)	290
Household appliances and electronics by province, 2011/12 (proportions)	291
Movable assets, 2009–11	291
Assets on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE)	292
Total ownership of the JSE, 2000 and 2010	292
Total individual ownership of the JSE by race, 2000 and 2010	293
Ownership of JSE mandated funds by race, 2000 and 2010	293
Direct JSE share ownership by race, 2000 and 2010	294
Ownership of shares in JSE retirement funds by race, 1995–2010	295
WAGE TRENDS	296
Average earnings	296
Average monthly earnings in formal non-agricultural industries, 2011–12 (current prices)	296
Average monthly earnings in formal non-agricultural industries, 2011–12 (constant prices)	297
Average monthly earnings in formal non-agricultural employment in the public and private sectors, 2000–10	298
Monthly earnings by various categories, 2011	299
Monthly earnings by union membership, 2011	300
Minimum wages	301
Minimum wages for domestic workers 2003–12	301
Minimum wages and employment of domestic workers, 2003–12	301
Minimum wages for farmworkers, 2006–12	302
Minimum wages and employment of farmworkers, 2006–12	302
INCOMES	303
Income sources	303
Household sources of income by race, 2011	303
Income levels and categories	303
Households	303
Households by annual income category and province, 2011	303
Households by annual income category, 2011	304
Individuals	305
Adults by race, income group, and sex, 2009 (actual numbers)	305
Adults by race, income group, and sex, 2009 (proportions)	305
Adults by income group and province, 2009 (actual numbers)	305
Adults by income group and province, 2009 (proportions)	305
Adults by income group and highest level of education, 2009 (actual numbers)	305
Adults by income group and highest level of education, 2009 (proportions)	305
Income group growth rates by race, 2009–2010	305
Affluent individuals by race, age, and province, 2009	305
Income inequality	305
Gini co-efficient by race, 1996–2011	305
Gini co-efficient by province and race, 2011	306
Income trends	306
Very long-term income trends	306
Long-term income trends	306
Medium-term income trends	307
Aggregate income	307
Annual total disposable income by race, 1996–2011	307
Proportion of annual total disposable income by race, 1996 and 2011	307
Household income	308
Annual average household income by race, 1996–2011	308
Annual average household income by race, 1996 and 2011	308
Annual average household income by province, 1996–2011	309
Personal income	309
Annual income per capita by province, 1996–2011	309
Annual per capita income by race, 1996–2011	310
Annual per capita income by race, 1996 and 2011	310
EXPENDITURE	311
Monthly household expenditure categories by race, 2011	311
Total household expenditure categories, 2011	311
Expenditure by race and main expenditure group (proportions), 2008	311
CONSUMPTION	312
Distribution of final household consumption by main expenditure group, 1950–2011	312
Final household consumption expenditure, 2011	312
Final consumption expenditure by households, 1960–2011	313
CONSUMER CREDIT	314
Total outstanding consumer credit, 2012	314
Total credit granted by province, 2010–2012	314
Formal credit accessed by type, 2010–11	315
SAVINGS AND INVESTMENT	315
Adults with savings and/or investments, 2009–11	315
Investments by race, 2011	315
Private equity investments, 2010 and 2011	316
Motivations for saving, 2011	316
Reasons for not having savings or investments, 2011	316
LIVING STANDARDS MEASURES	317
Living standards measures by age, race, income, and province, 2011	318
LSMs, change over time, 2001–11	320
Proportion change in LSMs, 2001–11	320
POVERTY	320
National trends	321
Poverty measures by race and sex, 1993, 2000, and 2008	321
Number and proportion of people living on less than $1 a day, 1996–2009	321
People living on less than $2 a day, 1996–2011	321
People living in relative poverty by race, 1996–2011 (actual numbers)	322
People living in relative poverty by race, 1996–2011 (proportions)	323
Provincial trends	323
People living on less than $2 a day by province, 1996–2011 (actual numbers)	323
People living on less than $2 a day by province, 1996–2011 (proportions)	324
People living in relative poverty by province and race, 2011 (actual numbers)	324
People living in poverty by province and race, 2011 (proportions)	325
Municipal poverty	325

Business and Labour

In over 80 pages of detail, the Business and Labour chapter provides a comprehensive picture of the business environment in South Africa, showing who does what business and what constraints or advantages they face in doing it in South Africa.

For more detail on what the chapter contains, you will find the complete table of contents below.

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Non-subscribers:

BUSINESS	328
All sizes of business	328
Enterprises by size, 2004 and 2007	328
Contribution to GDP by size of business, 2006	328
Contribution to employment by size of business, 2012	329
Registered businesses by type, 2012	329
Public and private ownership of fixed capital stock	330
Fixed capital stock by ownership, 2000 and 2011	330
State-owned enterprises	330
State-owned enterprises, 2010/11	330
Entrepreneurship	331
Global entrepreneurship monitor	331
Entrepreneurial activity by country, 2011	331
Listed companies	332
Global rankings	332
South African companies ranked in the Forbes Top 1 000 companies, 2012	332
The top companies	333
South Africa’s top 100 companies by turnover, 2012	333
Top five companies by sector, 2012	335
The Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE)	337
The JSE all-share index, 1998–2011	337
Small business	337
All small businesses	337
Small, medium, and micro enterprises (SMMEs) by sector	337
Small business by size, 2010	337
Small business by age, 2010	337
Small business by stage, 2010	338
Small business owners by race and sex, 2010	338
Small business owners by age group, 2010	339
Small business owners by highest level of education, 2010	339
Franchises	339
Franchise systems by business category, 2008	339
Growth in franchise business units, 2006 and 2008	340
Franchise contribution to GDP, 2006 and 2008	340
Total employment in franchises, 2008	341
Average employment and investment per employee in franchises, 2008	341
Comparative statistics	342
Comparative statistics on small business, India, Brazil and South Africa (IBSA)	342
Business by sector	342
Sectoral contributions to GDP, jobs, and exports, 2011	342
Agriculture	343
Agricultural production by sector and product, 1999/2000 and 2009/10	343
Horticultural crop production, 1999/2000 and 2009/10	343
Animal product production, 1999/2000 and 2009/10	344
Agricultural production by sector, 1999/2000 and Oct-09	344
Mining	345
Contribution to mineral sales, 2012	345
Micro components, 2010	345
Manufacturing	346
Micro components, manufacturing, 2011	346
New car sales, production, and exports, 1995–2011	348
Physical infrastructure	349
Airports	349
Aircraft movements at South Africa’s ten major airports, 2002/03–2011/12	349
Energy	349
Electricity	349
Electricity generation by fuel type, 2009	349
Electricity usage by sector, 2009	350
Electricity capacity, 2012	351
Projected electricity supply and demand until 2020	352
Electricity price adjustment vs CPI, 1996–2011	353
Main sources of energy	353
Coal	353
Coal resources, production, consumption, and exports, 2010	353
Recoverable coal reserve holders, selected countries, 2008	354
Natural gas	354
Natural gas production, imports, and consumption, 2010	354
Oil and petroleum	355
Oil reserves, production, refinery capacity, imports, and consumption	355
Oil imports, 2011/12	355
Refinery ownership and crude throughput, 2012	355
Petroleum and diesel consumption by province, 2009	356
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions	356
CO2 emissions, 1990–2008	357
Ports	358
Tonnage handled at South African ports, 2003–09	358
Total tonnage handled at South African ports (thousand tonnes), 2003–09	358
Railways	359
The rail network	359
Railways and roads	359
Road versus rail, 2007–2009	359
Roads	359
All roads	359
Water	360
South African dams, 2011	360
Water use by sector, 2010	360
The business environment	361
Competitiveness	361
Global Competitiveness Index rankings, 2012–13	361
South Africa’s ranking on the Global Competitiveness Index’s 12 pillars, 2012–13	362
South Africa’s ranking on the Global Competitiveness Index in detail, 2012–13	363
World Competitiveness Report, global rankings, 2012	366
Digital economy	367
Digital Economy Rankings, selected countries, 2010	367
Digital Economy Rankings, emerging markets, 2010	368
Networked Readiness Index, selected countries, 2012	369
Networked Readiness Index, emerging markets, 2012	370
Ease of doing business	371
Key components	371
South Africa’s ranking for ease of doing business, 2012	371
Financial development	372
Financial Development Index, 2011	372
Trading	373
Ease of trading across borders, selected countries, 2012	373
Ease of trading across borders, emerging markets, 2012	374
Ease of trading across borders, selected African countries, 2012	375
Tax	376
Business tax, selected countries, 2011	376
Business tax, emerging markets, 2011	377
Business tax, selected African countries, 2011	378
Mining attractiveness	379
Attractiveness of countries for mining investment, Dec-11	379
South Africa’s rankings for attractiveness for mining investment, 2009/10–2011/12	380
Economic freedom	381
Economic freedom of the world (Heritage Foundation), selected countries, 2012	381
Economic freedom of the world (Heritage Foundation), emerging markets, 2012	382
Economic freedom of the world (Heritage Foundation), selected African countries, 2012	383
Economic freedom of the world (Economic Freedom Network), selected countries, 2009–10	384
Economic freedom of the world (Economic Freedom Network), emerging markets, 2009–10	385
Economic freedom of the world (Economic Freedom Network), selected African countries, 2009–10	386
Productivity	387
Change in total employment, real remuneration per worker, and labour productivity in the non-agricultural, non-domestic sector, 1994–2011	387
Labour productivity, global rankings, 2010	388
Overall productivity, global rankings, 2010	389
Black Economic Empowerment	390
Proposed changes to the generic scorecard	390
The proposed new generic scorecard, 2012	390
JSE black directorships, 2008–10	392
Change in JSE black directorships, 2008–10	393
Black Economic Empowerment, 1995–2009	393
BEE transaction contribution to total transaction value, 1994–2009	394
Other	394
Ownership	394
Education	394
Employment	394
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS	395
Trade unions	395
Trade unions and membership, 1994–2010	395
Cosatu affiliate membership, 1991–2012	396
Cosatu membership as a proportion of total employed, 1994 and 2012	397
Skill levels of Cosatu members, 2012	397
Income levels of Cosatu members and others, 2012	398
Income levels of Cosatu members, 2012	398
Income levels of other workers, 2012	398
Rivals to Cosatu affiliates, 2012	399
Bargaining councils	401
Bargaining councils, 1996–2011	401
Annual salary negotiations by type, 2011 and 2012	402
Annual salary negotiations by type, 2012	402
Wage settlements	403
Wage settlements and the inflation rate, 1998–2011	403
Average wage settlement by major sectors and unions, 2011	404
Average minimum monthly wage across major sectors, 2011	405
Average wage increase by province, 2011	405
Strikes and lockouts	406
Mandays lost as a result of strikes, 1979–2011	406
Work stoppages by province, 2003 and 2011	407
Working days lost by industry, 2011	407
Work stoppages by duration, 2010 and 2011	407
Mandays lost in the top six strikes, 2011	408
Top six strikes by duration, 2011	408
Strike triggers (proportion of mandays lost due to triggers), 1987–2011	409
Strike triggers, 2011	409
Violence in strikes	410
Benefits	410
Proportion of employees receiving benefits by number of hours worked, 2003 and 2011	410
Labour legislation	411
Labour Relations Amendment Bill of 2012	411
The Basic Conditions of Employment Amendment Bill of 2012	412

Education

The Education chapter comprises 100 pages of detail on education in South Africa. The chapter provides an in-depth look at the education profile of the population and offers numerous international comparisons. The detailed sub-sections provide a comprehensive picture of the state of resources in public and private schools, and also provides comprehensive data on examinations and outputs. The chapter closes with a detailed section on higher education, including historical trends going back to 1991.

2012-Survey----Education-(WEB)-1.jpg

Subscribers:

Non-subscribers:

FINANCE	414
Overall state spending	414
Education and other spending 1994/95–2013/14	414
Basic and provincial education spending, 2010/11–2014/15	414
Higher and further education spending, 2010/11–2014/15	414
All education spending, 2010/11–2014/15	414
Public education spending as a proportion of total
government spending, 1996/97–2012/13	415
Public total education spending and public school spending
as a proportion of GDP, 1995/96–2010/11	416
State spending on school education	417
Per capita expenditure for whites and Africans on
school education, 1953-1993	417
Spending per pupil by province, 2000/01–2010/11	418
Real spending per pupil in ordinary public schools
by province, 2000–2007	418
State spending on universities	418
State spending on universities, 2000 and 2011	418
State budget allocation according to institution and spending
per university and student, 2010	419
International comparisons	420
Public spending on education as a proportion of total
government spending, and of GDP, selected
countries, 2010	420
Public spending on education as a proportion of total
government spending, and of GDP, emerging
markets, 2010	421
Public spending on education as a proportion of total
government spending, and of GDP, selected African
countries, 2010	422
Structure of responsibility	422
QUALIFICATION PROFILE OF THE POPULATION	423
National Qualifications Framework (NQF)	423
Levels of education in South Africa	423
Level of education	424
National statistics	424
No schooling	424
Adults without education by race	424
Persons aged 20 and older, with no schooling by race,
2002 and 2011 (actual numbers)	424
Persons aged 20 and older with no schooling by race,
2002 and 2011 (proportions)	424
School education	425
Adults who have completed grade 9 by race	425
Persons aged 20 and older who have completed grade 9
by race, 2002 and 2011 (actual numbers)	425
Persons aged 20 and older who have completed grade 9
by race, 2002 and 2011 (proportions)	425
Adults who have completed grade 12 by race	425
Persons aged 20 and older who have completed grade 12
by race, 2002 and 2011 (actual numbers)	425
Persons aged 20 and older who have completed grade 12
by race, 2002 and 2011 (proportions)	426
Post-school education	426
Adults who have completed post-school education
by race	426
Persons aged 20 and older, who have completed post-school
education by race, 2002 and 2011 (actual numbers)	426
Persons aged 20 and older, who have completed post-school
education by race, 2002 and 2011 (proportions)	426
Literacy and numeracy	427
Children	427
Grade 3 literacy by province, 2001, 2007 and 2011	427
Grade 3 numeracy by province, 2001, 2007 and 2011	427
Persons aged 15 and older	428
Persons aged 15 and older who can write their own name,
by race, 2011	428
Persons aged 15 and older who can read, by race, 2011	428
Persons aged 15 and older who are numerate, by race, 2011	428
Persons aged 20 and older	429
Literacy rates of persons aged 20 and above by race
and province, 2011	429
International comparisons	430
Adult literacy, selected countries, 2010	430
Youth literacy rate by sex, selected countries, 2010	431
Local statistics	432
Highest education levels of over-21 year olds by
municipality, 2011	432
EDUCATIONAL ATTENDANCE	436
Breakdown by age	436
Attendance at educational institutions by race and age,
2011	436
Population aged between 4 and 6 attending an
educational institution, 2002–07	436
Population aged between 7 and 15 attending an
educational institution, 2002–09	436
Population aged between 7 and 15 attending an
educational institution by sex, 2002–08	436
Population aged between 16 and 18 attending an
educational institution by sex, 2002–2007	436
People aged between 5 and 24 attending an
educational institution, 2002–2008	436
Breakdown by institution	437
Population attending an educational institution, by type
of institution, 2009–11	437
Population attending an educational institution, by type
of institution and race, 2011	437
Breakdown by fee payment	438
People attending an educational institution who pay
annual tuition fees, 2002–11	438
Non-attendance	439
Reasons why individuals aged 7 to 24 are not attending an
educational institution by province, 2011	439
SCHOOLING	440
Enrolment	440
Early childhood development centres	440
Population aged between 0 and 4 attending an Early
Childhood Development (ECD) centre, by race, 2011	440
Population aged between 0 and 4 attending an Early
Childhood Development (ECD) centre, by province, 2011	440
Grade R	441
Enrolment by sex in grade R at sites attached to independent
and public schools, 1999-2011	441
Primary and secondary enrolment	441
Gross enrolment rate (GER) at primary school level,
1985, 1991, 1995, 1997–2007	441
Net enrolment rate (NER) of children aged between
7 and 13, 1997–2005	441
Gross enrolment rate (GER) at secondary school level,
1985, 1991, 1995, 1997–2009	441
Net enrolment rate (NER) of children aged between
14 and 18, 1997–2005	441
All schools and enrolment	442
Enrolment by grade at ordinary public and independent
schools, 2000 and 2011	442
Pupils at independent and public schools by province,
2000–2011	443
All schools	446
All schools and pupils	447
Schools	447
Pupils	447
Public schools	448
Number of schools	448
Public schools by province, 2000 and 2011	448
Number of Dinaledi schools by province, 2002-08	448
Number of former Model C schools in South Africa, 2009	448
Pupils and teachers	449
Pupils and teachers at public schools by province, 2011	449
Pupils and teachers at public schools, 2004 and 2011	449
Pupils	449
Pupils in ordinary schools, by province and race, 2010	449
No-fee schools and pupils attending no-fee schools, 2010	450
Pupils at farm schools by province, 1996 and 2000	450
Pupils in receipt of social grants by province,
2007 and 2010	450
Pupils and languages	451
Pupils in ordinary schools, by home language and
province, 2010	451
Pupils in ordinary public schools, by preferred language of
learning and teaching and province, 2010	452
Pupils who learn in their home language, 2010	453
Single-medium ordinary public schools by province, 2010	454
Parallel-medium ordinary pubilc schools by province and
language, 2010	455
Single and parallel-medium schools, 2010	456
Teachers	456
Teachers employed by School Governing Bodies (SGBs)	456
Teachers employed by school governing bodies,
1997-2012	456
Teacher qualifications	457
Teachers that are qualified by race, 1990–2011	457
Teachers that are qualified, 1990–2011	457
Qualified mathematics and physical science teachers
by province, 2008	457
Teacher intake	457
First-time registrations in teaching at tertiary institutions,
2005–08	457
New graduates entering teaching by province, 2011	457
Teacher vacancies	458
Vacancies by province, 2011	458
Teacher appointments	458
Teaching appointments, 2011	458
Temporary teachers	458
Temporary teachers by province at January 2010	458
Facilities and amenities	459
Public schools and toilets, 2011	459
Public schools and water supply, 2011	460
Public schools and electricity supply, 2011	461
Public schools and communications systems, 2011	462
Public schools and laboratory facilities, 2011	463
Public schools and computer facilities, 2011	463
Public schools and library facilities, 2011	464
Resources in schools	464
Limpopo textbook crisis	464
Safety in schools	465
Public schools and safety, 2011	465
Discipline in schools	466
Expulsions by province, 2008 and 2009	466
Pregnancy in schools	466
Pupils who got pregnant in ordinary schools,
by province and grade, 2009	466
Independent schools	467
Independent schools by province, 2000–2011	467
Pupils and teachers at independent schools by province,
2011	467
Pupils at independent schools by race and province,
2003–08	467
Examinations and output	468
Public examinations	468
National Senior Certificate Grade 12, also known as Matric	468
Candidates	469
Full-time and part-time candidates by province, 2009–11	469
Full-time and part-time candidates, 2009–11	469
Overall results	470
Senior certificate examination results, 1980–2007
(old curriculum)	470
National senior certificate examination results, 2008–2011
(new curriculum)	470
Results by province	470
Senior certificate examination results by province,
1994, 1998, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,
and 2007 (old curriculum)	470
Results by race and province	471
Pass rate by race and province, 2011 (new curriculum)	471
African results, 1955–2011	472
African results, 1955–2011	472
Africans passing matric, 1955–2011	473
Subject results	473
Results in selected senior certificate examination subjects,
1999–2007 (old curriculum)	473
New curriculum: 15 selected subjects, 2011	473
Technical subjects, 2011	474
Languages, 2011	474
Passes by level of mark, selected subjects,
2008–11 (actual numbers)	475
Passes by level of mark, selected subjects,
2008–11 (proportions)	476
Accounting, 2011	477
Mathematics, 2011	477
Mathematics literacy, 2011	477
Physical sciences, 2011	478
Life sciences, 2011	478
English home language, 2011	478
English first additional language, 2011	479
Mathematics results in Dinaledi and other schools, 2011	479
Physical science results in Dinaledi and other schools, 2011	480
Matric results by race and type of school, 2009	481
Matric pass rates by race and type of school, 2009	481
Matric pass rates by race and type of school,
2009 (actual numbers)	481
Matric passes by race and type of school, 2009 (proportions
by type of school)	482
Matric passes by race and type of school, 2009 (proportions
by race)	482
Matric passes by race and type of school, 2009	482
Throughput	483
Throughput, 1995-1997 and 2009–2011	483
Independent Examinations Board	484
Examination results	484
Independent Examinations Board senior certificate
examination results, 1994–2011	484
International schooling comparisons	484
The quality of schooling	484
Reading achievement, grade 4, 2006	484
The school system, 2008	484
School enrolment rates	485
Selected countries, 2010	485
OTHER EDUCATION	486
Further education and training (FET)	486
Further education and training colleges	486
Enrolments for NC (V) levels by province, 2011	486
Enrolments for NC (V) levels, 2011	486
NC (V) subject results per programme, 2009	487
National certification rates, selected subjects, 2009 to 2011	488
Further education and training colleges by
provinces, 2012	489
FET colleges in South Africa, 2009	489
Vocational training and apprentices	490
Pupils who took trade tests through Indlela,
2006/07–2008/09	490
Number of apprentices that entered apprenticeship training
through apprenticeship contracts with Sector Education
and Training Authorities (Setas), 2006/07–2008/09	490
Nursing	491
Output of nursing colleges, private and public, 2000–11	491
Agricultural colleges	492
Enrolments at agricultural colleges by race, 2009	492
Graduates from agricultural colleges by race, 2009	492
PUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION	493
Universities	493
Enrolment	494
Higher education participation rate	494
Higher education participation rates by race, 2010	494
First-year enrolment	494
Undergraduate students enrolling for their first year
of study, 2004–10	494
University enrolment	495
University and university of technology enrolment,
1985–2010	495
Head-count enrolmenta at universities and universities of
technology by race, 1995–2010 (actual numbers)	496
Head-count enrolment at universities and universities of
technology by race, 1995–2010 (proportions)	497
University head-count by race, 1999–2010 (actual numbers)	498
University head-count by race, 1999 and
2010 (actual numbers)	498
University head-count by race, 1999–2010 (proportions)	499
University head-count by race, 1999 and 2010 (proportions)	499
University of technology head-count by race,
1999–2010 (actual numbers)	500
University of technology head-count by race,
1999 and 2010 (actual numbers)	500
University of technology head-count by race,
1999–2010 (proportions)	501
University of technology head-count by race,
1999 and 2010 (proportions)	501
Staff	502
University staff and students	502
Students, staff and ratio of students to staff, 2010	502
Output	503
Publications	503
Publication of articles, books and conference
proceedings, 2009	503
Tertiary awards	503
All awards	503
Degrees, diplomas, and certificates awarded by universities
and universities of technology by field of study,
1996, 2006 and 2010	503
Degrees	504
University and university of technology awards by race and
subject, 1991 and 2010a (actual numbers): degrees	504
University and university of technology awards by race and
subject, 1991 and 2010 (vertical proportions): degrees	506
University and university of technology awards by race and
subject, 1991 and 2010 (horizontal proportions): degrees	508
Output of universities and universities of technology,
2010 (actual numbers)	510
Proportion of graduates in science, engineering, and
technology (SET) in higher education, 1994–2010	511
PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION	512
Officially registered private higher institutions, 2011	512
Private higher education institutions in South Africa, 2011	512
WORK AND EDUCATION	513
Education and employment	513
Employment by highest level of education, 2011 and
2012 (numbers)	513
Employment by highest level of education, 2011 and
2012 (proportions)	513
Education and unemployment	514
Unemployment by highest level of education, 2011 and
2012 (actual numbers)	514
Unemployment by highest level of education, 2011 and
2012 (proportions)	514

Health and social security

The health and social security chapter presents 78 pages of detail on the South African health care and social security systems. A section on health resources and services covers expenditure, access to medical insurance, medical personnel, hospitals, rates of immunisation, blood transfusion, circumcisions, and condom use. Also included is a section that tracks policy matters and provides information on the proposed National Health Insurance (NHI) scheme and the ongoing controversy concerning medical aids and prescribed minimum benefits. The health indicators section presents figures on mortality, nutrition, HIV/AIDS, and other diseases.

The social security section provides an overview of how much is spent on social security and to whom this money goes. Data on social grant beneficiaries is available by type of social grant and by province and goes back to 1994. There is also information on how much South Africa spends on social security both as a proportion of total government expenditure and as a proportion of GDP. The section concludes with figures on care options for orphaned children, where trends in foster care, adoptions, and child and youth care centres are highlighted.

Subscribers:

Non-subscribers:

HEALTH RESOURCES AND SERVICES	516
Expenditure	516
Public expenditure	516
Health and other spending, 1994/95–2013/14	516
Budgeted health expenditure	516
Consolidated national and provincial spending,
1994/95–2014/15	516
Public health expenditure as a proportion of total
government expenditure, 1995–2010	517
Public health expenditure as a proportion of GDP,
2002–2010	518
Private out-of-pocket health expenditure	519
Out-of-pocket health expenditure as a proportion of
private health expenditure, 1995–2010	519
International comparisons	520
Health expenditure, selected countries, 2010	520
Health expenditure, emerging markets, 2010	521
Health expenditure, selected African countries, 2010	522
Structure of responsibility	523
Responsibilities of national, provincial, and district
departments of health	523
Regulatory bodies	523
Medicines Control Council	523
Compensation Commission for Occupational Diseases	524
Council for Medical Schemes	524
South African Medical Research Council	524
Allied Health Professions Council of South Africa	524
South African Nursing Council	524
South African Dental Technicians Council	524
South African Pharmacy Council	524
Health Professions Council of South Africa	524
Medical insurance	525
Beneficiaries of medical aid schemes, 1997–11	525
Beneficiaries of medical aid schemes as a proportion of
total population, 1997–2011	525
Medical aid beneficiaries by province, 2004–11	526
Beneficiaries by province as a proportion of provincial
population, 2011	526
Medical aid coverage by province and race, 2011	527
Medical aid coverage by race, 2011	528
Medical aid coverage by race, 2002-11	528
Policy matters	529
Prescribed Minimum Benefits	529
National Health Insurance (NHI)	530
Medical personnel	531
All personnel	531
University and university of technology health sciences
awards by race, 1991–2010	531
Doctors	532
Medical graduates by institution, 2000–08	532
Public sector doctors by province, 2000–12	532
Clinical associates	533
South African doctors abroad and foreign doctors in
South Africa	533
Nurses	534
Public sector professional nurses by province,
2000–12	534
Output of nurses, private and public, 2000–10	534
Government nursing colleges by province, 2009	534
Doctors and nurses	535
Public sector people-to-doctor and people-to-nurse
ratio, 2011	535
Public sector medical personnel vacancies by
province, 2010	535
International comparisons	536
Physicians per 1 000 people, selected countries,
2003–10	536
Hospitals and clinics	537
Clinics	537
Hospitals	537
Public	537
Public hospitals by type and province, 2011	537
Private and public	538
Beds in public and private sector hospitals by province,
2010 and 2011	538
Hospitals in each province, 2010 and 2011	539
Hospitals, private and public sectors, 2010 and 2011	539
International comparisons	540
Hospital beds per 1 000 people, selected countries,
2003-08	540
Medicines	541
Medicines Control Council	541
Pharmacies	542
Registered pharmacists by province, 2003–11	542
Public sector pharmacists by province, 2000–2012	542
Public sector pharmacists as a proportion of
registered pharmacists, 2011	543
Private sector pharmacies	543
Vaccination and immunisation	544
Immunisation coverage of children under one year,
2000–10	544
Rates of immunisation and TB treatment, selected
countries, 2008, 2009 and 2010	545
Blood transfusion	546
Blood donation by race, 2006–09	546
Circumcisions	546
Male circumcision by province, 2009	546
Condom use	546
Condom use among adults, 2002–08	546
HEALTH INDICATORS	547
Mortality	547
Infant and under-five mortality	547
Infant mortality rate by province, 1994–2011	547
Under-five mortality rate by province, 1994–2011	548
Infant and under-five mortality rate, 1994–2011	548
Under-five mortality rate, selected countries,
1970–2010	549
Under-five mortality rate, emerging markets,
1970–2010	550
Under-five mortality rate, selected African countries,
1970–2010	551
Still birth rate by province, 2001–10	552
Still birth rate by district municipality,
2003/04–2008/09	552
Maternal mortality	552
Maternal deaths, 1990–2011	552
Unnecessary deaths of mothers, 2005–07	552
Causes of death	552
Leading causes of death, 2004–09	553
Top five causes of death, 2009	553
Causes of death by race, 2009	554
Causes of death, all races, 2009	556
Deaths by age and year of death	557
Deaths by age and year of death, 1997–2009	557
Termination of pregnancy	559
Termination of pregnancy by province, 1997–2010	559
Termination of pregnancy by age, 2001–06	560
Nutrition	561
Malnutrition	561
Severe malnutrition among under fives, 2001–08	561
Severe malnutrition among under fives by province,
2001–10	561
Household food adequacy by province, 2011	562
Obesity	562
Weight patterns by race and gender	562
Obese people by race and sex	563
Diseases	563
Cholera	563
Cholera cases and deaths, 1994–2009	563
Diarrhoea	564
Diarrhoea incidence among under fives by province,
2001–10	564
Diarrhoea incidence among under-fives, 2001–10	564
Malaria	565
Malaria cases and deaths, 1971–2011	565
Malaria deaths, 1971–2011	565
Measles	566
Reported cases of measles by province, 2008–11	566
Reported cases of measles by province, 2011	566
Tuberculosis (TB)	567
TB prevalence and death rates, 1990–2010	567
TB cases and pulmonary TB cases reported,
1995–2007	567
TB treatment rate, 1994–2009	568
Reported TB deaths by province, 2006–08	568
Incidence of TB per 100 000 people, 2010	569
HIV AND AIDS	570
Current data	570
Population segments living with HIV/AIDS	570
South African population as a proportion of
world population, 2010	570
South African HIV/AIDS cases as a proportion of
world HIV/AIDS cases, 2010	570
People living with HIV/AIDS by province, 2012	571
Historical trends	572
All infections	572
New HIV infections by year, 1999–2011	572
Adult infection	573
Adult HIV-prevalence rates by race, 1991-2011	573
Female infection	574
HIV infection rates of women attending public
antenatal clinics by province, 1992–2010	574
HIV infection rates of women attending public
antenatal clinics, 1992–2010	574
HIV infection rates of women attending public
antenatal clinics by province, 2010	575
HIV infection rates of women attending public
antenatal clinics by age, 1997–2010	575
Projected prevalence rates	576
HIV prevalence rate by province, 2002–25	576
HIV prevalence rates, 2002–25	576
Persons in need of ART and persons receiving
ART, 2005–11	577
Children receiving ART, 2005–10	577
International comparisons	578
Regional HIV/AIDS statistics, 2003–10	578
HIV prevalence among adults aged 15–24 by sex
and region, 2010	579
SOCIAL SECURITY	580
Social security budget	580
Social security and other spending, 1994/95–2013/14	580
Budgeted social security expenditure	580
National and provincial social security budget
allocations, 2012/13–2014/15	580
Structure of responsibility	581
Responsibilities of national, provincial, and district
departments of social development	581
South African Social Security Agency (SASSA)	581
Social security personnel and services	582
Population to social worker ratio by province, 2011	582
Social grants	583
Beneficiaries of social grants, 2001–2014/15	583
Social grant beneficiaries by province, 2011/12	584
Type of grant as a proportion of total grants,
2001–2012/13	585
Type of grant expenditure as a proportion of total
grant expenditure, 2011/12	585
Proportion of total grant expenditure per grant
type, 2011/12	586
Total social grant beneficiaries as a proportion of
total national population, 2001–2012/13	586
Selected social grant beneficiaries as a proportion of
total national population, 2001–2012/13	586
Old-age pension recipients as a proportion of over 60s,
2001–2012/13	587
Grants as proportion of total government expenditure,
2001-2011/12	587
Social grant expenditure as a proportion of GDP,
2003/04-2010/11	587
Increase in old-age grant in real terms, 1994-2011	588
Monthly value of social grants, April 2006–April 2012	589
Child support grant recipient numbers and payments,
October 1998–May 2008	589
Disability grant, 2001–2014/15	590
People with disabilities by sex, 1996–2009	590
War veterans grant, 2001–2014/15	590
Foster care, adoptions, and child and youth care centres	591
Foster care grant application backlogs by
province, 2012	591
Adoptions, 2004–12	591
Cross-racial adoptions by age group,
1 April–25 September 2012	592
Children in foster care by province, 2012	592
Child and youth care centres and the number of
children they accommodate by province, 2012	592
Orphans, adoptions, and children in foster care and
child and youth care centres, 2010–12	593
Private institutions and provision	593
Corporate Social Investment funding	593
Government funding	593

Living Conditions and Communications

The 2012 Living Conditions and Communications chapter runs for 83 pages and contains 15-year trends of service delivery indicators such as land, water, sanitation, housing, electricity, and refuse removal. The regular section on land reform includes new information on how some households use their land for agricultural purposes. The section on financial services includes new information on stokvels, with the communications and transportation sections concluding the chapter.

2012-Survey----Living-Conditions-and-Communications-(WEB)-1.jpg

Subscribers:

Non-subscribers:

OVERVIEW OF CHANGES	596
Changes over fifteen years	596
Changes by household, 1996 and 2011 (actual numbers)	596
Household and housing changes, 1996 and 2011
(actual numbers)	597
Household types and facilities, 1996 and 2011 (proportions)	597
LAND	598
Land ownership	598
State-owned and privately-owned land by province,
March 2011	598
Private land sales and purchases	598
Land reform	599
Land restitution	600
Land restitution claims and settlements by province,
1995–2010/11	600
Restitution claims settled/to be settled, 2011	601
Restitution claims outstanding by province as at
March 2011	601
Restitution land transferred, land costs, and costs
of financial compensation, 1994/05–2010/11	602
Farms and land that could have been purchased
with financial compensation money	603
Land redistribution	603
Land redistribution by province as at March 2012	604
Land redistribution progress as at March 2012	605
Land redistribution targets met by province as at
March 2012	605
Outstanding hectares to be redistributed by province
as at March 2012	605
Farms acquired for emerging farmers and cost of
acquiring them, as at August 2009	606
Land delivered to land reform beneficiaries per year
through the land redistribution programme,
2001/02–2010/11	606
Land tenure reform	607
Draft Land Tenure Security Bill: implications	607
Land tenure in the former homelands	608
Land use for agriculture	610
Reasons for household involvement in agriculture by
province, 2011	610
Households by reason of involvement in agriculture, 2011	610
HOUSING	611
Housing types	611
National data	611
Detailed breakdown	611
Households by type of dwelling and race, 1996 and
2011 (actual numbers)	611
Households by type of dwelling and race, 1996 and
2011 (proportions)	613
Summary of changes	613
Types of housing occupied, 1996 and 2011	613
Types of housing occupied, 1996	614
Types of housing occupied, 2011	614
Changes in housing types, 1996–2011	614
Backyard structures	615
All backyard stuctures, 1996 and 2011 (actual numbers)	615
All backyard stuctures, 1996 and 2011 (proportions)	615
Trends in backyard structures	615
Provincial data	616
All housing	616
Types of housing by province, 1996 and 2011
(actual numbers)	616
Types of housing by province, 1996 and 2011 (proportions)	617
Change in types of housing by province, 1996-2011
(actual numbers)	617
Change in types of housing by province, 1996-2011
(proportions)	618
Urbanisation and internal migration: explanation of
informal dwelling trends	618
Informal dwellings	619
Households residing in informal dwellings by type and
province, 1996 and 2011 (actual numbers)	619
Households residing in informal dwellings by type and
province, 1996 and 2011 (proportions)	619
Changes in households residing in informal dwellings by type
and province, 1996-2011 (actual numbers)	620
Changes in households residing in informal dwellings by type
and province, 1996-2011 (proportions)	620
Informal settlements	620
Services available to households living in informal
dwellings, 2011	621
RDP housing	622
Households in RDP dwellings as a proportion of total
and formal housing by province, 2011	622
Hostels	622
Households living in hostels by province, 2011	622
Terms of occupation	623
National data	623
All housing types	623
Household tenure status by race, 2011 (actual numbers)	623
Household tenure status by race, 2011 (proportions)	623
Household tenure status by race, 2011	623
Household tenure status by sex, 2011 (actual numbers)	624
Household tenure status by sex, 2011 (proportions)	624
Household tenure status by sex, 2011	624
Household tenure status by type of housing, 2011
(actual numbers)	625
Household tenure status by type of housing, 2011
(proportions)	625
Problems with title deeds	625
State-subsidised housing by registration of title, 1994-2010	625
Definition	626
Progress in the issuing of title deeds	626
Causes of delays in the issuing of title deeds	626
Consequences of problems with title deeds	627
Provincial data	628
Household tenure status by province, 2011	628
Municipal data	629
Tenure status by municipality, 2011	629
International data	631
Housing provision	631
Housing backlog	631
Annual housing backlog figures, 1996/97–2008/09	631
Homelessness	631
Housing backlogs	631
New deadline for eradicating housing backlog	631
Government and private sector housing	632
Private sector and government housing construction,
1997/98–2011/12	632
Housing market by income levels, 2009	632
Home loans granted by individual income category, 2011	633
Government subsidy housing	633
Houses completed or under construction by province,
April 1994–March 2011	633
Qualifying criteria for government subsidy housing	633
Addressing the housing gap market	634
Planned units and units completed/in progress,
1994/95–2010/11	634
RDP/state subsidised housing by province, 2011	635
Private sector housing	635
Residential buildings completed by the private sector
by size, 2003–2012	635
Challenges in private residential housing construction	636
WATER AND SANITATION	637
Water	637
Free basic water	637
Delivery of free basic water by province by 30 April 2012	637
Households with access to free basic water,
2001/02–2010/11	638
All water	639
National data	639
Household water sources by race, 2011 (actual numbers)	639
Household water sources by race, 2011 (proportions)	639
Household access to potable water, 1993/94–2010/11	640
Households without water in the dwelling or on site
by race and distance travelled to nearest water
source, 2011 (actual numbers)	640
Households without water in the dwelling or on site
by race and distance travelled to nearest water
source, 2011 (proportions)	640
Provincial data	641
Access to piped water by province, 1996 and 2011
(actual numbers)	641
Access to piped water by province, 1996 and 2011
(proportions)	641
Selected water indicators by province, 2011 (proportions)	642
Water interruptions	642
Households that experienced water interruptions
by province, 2011	642
Water quality	643
Blue and green drop certification programmes	643
National municipal blue drop performance, 2009–2012	643
Best blue drop performers in each province, 2012	643
Sanitation	644
National data	644
Household sanitation facility by race, 2011
(actual numbers)	644
Household sanitation facility by race, 2011 (proportions)	644
Households with access to sanitation and using bucket
system, 1993/94–2010/11	645
Provincial data	645
Selected sanitation indicators by province, 2011
(actual numbers)	645
Selected sanitation indicators by province, 2011
(proportions)	646
Waste water quality	646
National municipal green drop performance, 2009 and 2011	646
Provincial green drop performance, 2011	647
Provincial green drop scores, 2011	647
DOMESTIC ENERGY	648
Sources of energy	648
Household sources of energy by race, 2011
(actual numbers)	648
Household sources of energy by race, 2011 (proportions)	649
Electrification	650
Households without electricity and households added
to the national grid, 1994/95–2010/11	650
Households with and without electricity by province,
2002 and 2011	650
Households without electricity by province,
2002 and 2011	651
Electricity for lighting, cooking, and heating by
province, 2011	651
REFUSE DISPOSAL	652
Household refuse disposal by race, 2011 (actual numbers)	652
Household refuse disposal by race, 2011 (proportions)	652
Households whose refuse is removed by municipalities
by province, 2002 and 2011	653
Households whose refuse is removed by municipalities
by province, 2011	653
BACKLOGS AND BASIC SERVICES	654
Backlogs by province, 2011	654
Provincial breakdown of consumer units receiving free
basic services from municipalities, June 2011	654
Indigent households and free basic services
by province, 2011	655
MUNICIPAL LIVING CONDITIONS	656
Living conditions indicators by province and
municipality, 2012	656
FINANCIAL SERVICES	658
Banking	658
Banking status of adults, 2007–2011 (actual numbers)	658
Banking status of adults, 2007–2011 (proportions)	658
Proportion of each race with bank accounts, 2007–2010	658
Number of Mzansi accounts opened, 2005–2010	659
Banking status of adults by income category, 2010	659
Stokvels	660
Value of annual contributions by type of stokvel, 2011	660
Stokvels by type and province, 2011	660
Insurance	661
Short-term insurance products held, 2007–2011	661
Long-term insurance products held, 2007–2011	661
COMMUNICATIONS	661
All	661
Source of national and international news for adults
by media type, 2001–08	661
Broadcasting	662
Adults with access to television sets and radios, 2005–11	662
Top ten commercial radio stations by listenership, 2010	662
The Press	662
Print media publications, 1991–2011	662
Circulation of daily newspapers, 2011	663
Postal services	663
Access to postal services, by province, 2012	663
Telecommunications	664
Telephones	664
Households with landline access by race,
2011 (actual numbers)	664
Households with landline access by race,
2011 (proportions)	664
Households with cellular phone access by race,
2011 (actual numbers)	664
Households with cellular phone access by race,
2011 (proportions)	664
Household access to all telephones by race,
2007 and 2011 (proportions)	665
Household access to all telephones by province, 2011	665
Households with landline access and cellphone access
by province, 2011	666
Fixed line telephones and cellular phone subscriptions,
2000-10	666
Access to fixed line and cellular telephones,
selected countries, 2010	667
Access to fixed line and cellular telephones,
emerging markets, 2010	668
Access to fixed line and cellular telephones,
selected African countries, 2010	669
The Internet	670
Internet access by race, 2011	670
Internet users, 2000–2010	670
Internet access by province, 2011	671
Internet users per 100 people, 2010	672
Communications by municipality	673
Access to communication services by municipality, 2011	673
Transportation	677
Public and private transport	677
Commuters by mode of transport, 2003-10	677
Vehicle statistics	677
Registered vehicles by province, 2003/04 and 2010/11	677
Motorised vehicles registered by year-end, December
1999–March 2011	678
LIVING STANDARDS MEASURES	678

Crime and security

This 108-page long chapter includes all aspects of the criminal justice system – police, courts, prisons – as well as defence and private security. New additions include crimes against women, crimes in the course of vigilantism, and a new section on intelligence services. Regular features, such as the most serious crime trends broken down by crime category, year, province, and district municipality, are also included, many of them including data going back to 1995.

Subscribers:

Non-subscribers:

STATISTICS AND TRENDS	680
National crime trends	680
National crime figures, 1994/95 and 2011/12 (actual numbers)	680
National crime figures, 1994/95 and 2011/12 (rates per 100 000 people)	681
Daily incidence of the most serious crimes, 1994/95 and Dec-11	682
Eighteen- and one-year trends	683
Contact crime: actual reported cases and rates per 100 000 of the population, 1994/95–2011/12	683
Contact crime rates per 100 000 of the population, 1994/95–2011/12	683
Property-related crime: actual reported cases and rates per 100 000 of the population, 1994/95–2011/12	685
Property-related crime rates per 100 000 of the population, 1994/95–2011/12	685
Crimes heavily dependent on police action for detection: actual reported cases and rates per 100 000 of the population, 1994/95–2011/12	686
Crimes heavily dependent on police action for detection: rates per 100 000 of the population, 1994/95–2011/12	686
Other serious crime: actual reported cases and rates per 100 000 of the population, 1994/95–2011/12	687
Other serious crime rates per 100 000 of the population, 1994/95–2011/12	687
Arson, malicious damage, and total serious crime: actual reported cases and rates per 100 000 of the population, 1994/95–2011/12	688
Total serious crime rate per 100 000 of the population, 1994/95–2011/12	688
Particular categories of crime	689
Aggravated robbery	689
Breakdown of aggravated robbery, 1994/95–2011/12	689
Change in aggravated robbery cases, initial recorded period – 2011/12	689
Subcategories of aggravated robbery	690
Residential and non-residential robberies as proportions of total aggravated robberies, 2002/03–2011/12	690
Crimes against children	691
Contact crimes committed against children, 2002/03–Dec-11	691
Change in contact crimes committed against children, 2002/03–2011/12	691
Initiation school deaths	692
Initiation school deaths, 1 June–11 July 2012	692
Crimes against women	693
Contact crimes committed against adult females, 2006/07–2011/12	693
Change in contact crimes committed against adult females, 2006/07–2011/12	693
Crime on farms	694
Cases of stock theft and rates per 100 000 of the population, 1994/95–2011/12	694
Stock theft rates per 100 000 of the population, 1994/95–2011/12	694
Farm attacks by province, 1990–2012	695
Farm murders by province, 1990–2012	696
Farm attacks and murders, 1990–2011	697
Note on farm crime statistics	697
Farm attacks: comparison between SAPS and TAU data	698
Attacks on farmers and their families compared to other citizens, 2011	698
Farm and national murder rates, 2011	698
Arson	699
Arson by province, 2004/05–2011/12	699
Some cases of arson in 2012	699
Poaching	700
Rhino poaching, 2007–12	700
Rhino poaching by location, 2008–12	700
Crimes against and attitudes towards foreign nationals	701
South African attitudes towards foreign nationals, 2011	701
Xenophobic attacks	702
Crimes in the course of vigilantism	703
Violence during strikes	704
Strike violence, 1999–2012	704
Public violence	705
Incidents of public violence, 2004/05–2011/12	705
Transportation violence	706
Copper theft	706
Copper cable theft in the electricity industry, 2005/06–2009/10	706
Copper cable theft in the rail industry, 2008/09–2010/11	706
Corruption	707
Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), selected countries, 2011	707
Perceptions of changes in corruption in the past three years, selected countries, 2010	708
Social grant crime	709
Social grant fraud cases by province, 2005/06–2011/12	709
Amount lost owing to social grant fraud by province, 2005/06–2010/11	709
Other crimes	710
Crimes not listed with the 20 most serious crimes: actual reported cases and rates per 100 000 of the population, 2004/05–2011/12	710
Provincial crime trends	711
Murder	711
Murder, 1994/95–2011/12	711
Change in murder rate, 1994/95–2011/12	711
Attempted murder	712
Attempted murder, 1994/95–2011/12	712
Change in attempted murder rate, 1994/95–2011/12	712
Sexual offences	713
Sexual offences, 1994/95–2011/12	713
The rate of all sexual offences, 2011/12	713
Robbery with aggravating circumstances	714
Robbery with aggravating circumstances, 1994/95–Dec-11	714
Change in aggravated robbery rate, 1994/95–2011/12	714
Assault with intent to inflict grievous bodily harm (GBH)	715
Assault with intent to inflict grievous bodily harm, 1994/95–2011/12	715
Change in rate of assault (GBH), 1994/95–2011/12	715
Burglary at residential premises	716
Burglary at residential premises, 1994/95–2011/12	716
Change in residential burglary rate, 1994/95–2011/12	716
Burglary at non-residential premises	717
Burglary at non-residential premises, 1994/95–2011/12	717
Change in non-residential burglary rate, 1994/95–Dec-11	717
Stock theft	718
Stock theft, 1994/95–2011/12	718
Change in stock theft rate, 1994/95–2011/12	718
Theft of motor vehicles	719
Theft of motor vehicles, 1994/95–2011/12	719
Change in motor vehicle theft rate, 1994/95–2011/12	719
Commercial crimes	720
Commercial crimes, 1994/95–2011/12	720
Change in commercial crime rate, 1994/95–2011/12	720
Drug-related crime	721
Drug-related crime, 1994/95–2011/12	721
Change in drug-related crime rate, 1994/95–2011/12	721
Municipal crime trends	722
Selected crime rates by municipality, 2011/12 (rates per 100 000 people)	722
Crime reporting	730
Households and individuals who reported their experience of crime to the police, 2011	730
Perceptions of crime	731
Household members that feel safe walking alone in their area when it is dark by race and sex of household head, 2011	731
Perceptions of changes in levels of crime by province during the period 2009–11	731
Non-natural deaths	731
Overall figures	731
Manner of non-natural death by cause of death, 2008	732
Manner of non-natural death by sex, 2008 (actual numbers)	732
Manner of non-natural death by sex, 2008 (proportions)	732
Top ten external causes of non-natural death, 2007 and 2008	733
Road accidents	733
Fatal crashes and fatalities by province, 2006/07 and Nov-10	733
Rates of fatal crashes and fatalities by province, 2010/11	734
Fatalities and fatal crashes by type of vehicle, 2010/11	734
Road user fatalities by type of motorised vehicle, 2010/11	735
Road user fatalities by province, 2010/11	735
Fatal road crashes: daily, monthly, and provincial averages, 2009/10 and 2010/11	735
Fatal crashes by contributory cause, 2010/11	736
Comparison of fatalities between selected modes of public transport, 2008 and 2009	736
Mining deaths	737
Mining industry fatalities by cause of death, 2010–11	737
Railway accidents	737
Railway injuries and fatalities by category of victim, 2007/08 and 2008/09	737
Railway injuries and fatalities by type of incident, 2007/08 and 2008/09	738
Comparisons of non-natural deaths	738
Non-natural deaths over a two-year period in selected fields	738
Crime trends and anti-crime expenditure	739
Expenditure on the criminal justice system as proportion of total government expenditure and Gross Domestic Product, 1994/95–2014/15	739
Crime numbers, rates, and expenditure on protection services, 1994/95–2010/11	740
Crime and public spending, 2007/08–2010/11	740
POLICE	741
Personnel	741
General statistics	741
Personnel in the SAPS by sex and race, March 2012	741
SAPS personnel by race, March 2012	741
Race and rank	742
SAPS personnel by rank and race, March 2012	742
Expenditure	743
SAPS expenditure on personnel by programme, Mar-12	743
SAPS personnel by programme, March 2012	743
Affirmative action	743
Affirmative action in the SAPS, March 2012 actual employment and 2010 employment equity targets	743
SAPS personnel by sex, March 2012 actual employment and 2010 employment equity targets	744
Ratios	745
Ratio of the population to police officers by province, December 2007 and September 2012	745
Population to police ratios, selected countries	745
Shortages	746
Employment and vacancies by programme, 2003/04 and Dec-11	746
Employment and vacancies by skills level, 2003/04 and Dec-11	746
Vacancy rates by skills level, 2003/04 and 2011/12	746
Public order policing	747
Crowd management police units and members, 1995–2011	747
Crowd management police unit members, 1995–2011	747
Public order policing units and members by province, 2011	748
Police reservists	748
Community policing forums	748
Community policing forums at station level by province, 2011	748
Fatalities	749
Police officers murdered, 1983/84–2011/12	749
Murders of police officers by province, 2004/05–2011/12	750
Crimes, corruption, and (mis)conduct in the SAPS	751
Escapes and escapees from police custody, 2001/02–Dec-11	751
Lost/stolen SAPS firearms and case dockets, 2001/02–Oct-09	751
Lost/stolen SAPS firearms, 2001/02–2009/10	752
Deaths of persons in police custody and as a result of police action, 2003/04–2011/12	752
Complaints and notifications received by the Independent Complaints Directorate (ICD) against SAPS members by province, 2011/12	753
Convictions and acquittals of SAPS members in criminal cases by crime category, 2011/12	753
PROSECUTIONS AND CONVICTIONS	754
Cases reported, prosecutions, and convictions as a proportion of all cases handled, 2003/04–2010/11	754
Process of referring charges to court by crime cluster, Dec-11	755
Trio crimes conviction rate, 2011/12	755
THE BENCH AND THE BAR	756
Legal Practice Bill of 2012	756
Key changes from the Bill’s predecessor	756
An incremental process	756
The first council	757
The split profession maintained	758
Transformational legal education	758
Admission, suspension, and striking off the roll	758
Maximum legal fees	758
Compulsory community service	758
New code of conduct	759
New ‘attorneys fidelity fund board’	759
Ramifications	759
The Bench	760
Race and/or sex breakdowns	760
Judges of the superior courts by race, 2005 and 2012	760
Judges and magistrates by race, March 2011	760
Judges and magistrates by sex, March 2011	760
Magistrates by race, March 2011	761
The Bar	761
Members of the Bar by race and sex, April 2012	761
Members of the Bar by race, April 2012	762
PRISONS AND CORRECTIONAL SERVICES	762
Personnel	762
Correctional Services personnel by race, 2011/12	762
Prisons	762
General statistics	762
Prison population by sex and race, March 2012 (actual numbers)	762
Prison population by sex and race, March 2012 (proportions)	763
Prison population by crime category, March 2012	763
Prison population by age, March 2012	764
Sentenced prisoners and remand detainees, March 2012	764
Daily average prison population by sex, 1995/96–Mar-12	765
Daily average prison population, 1995/96–March 2012	765
Awaiting-trial detainees	766
Sentenced prisoners and awaiting-trial detainees, 1995–2012	766
Awaiting-trial detainees, 1995–2012	766
Children and juveniles	767
Prisoners under the age of 18 by crime category, Mar-12	767
Prison overcrowding	767
Prison overcrowding, March 1996–March 2012	767
Duration of sentences	768
Duration of sentences, March 1995–March 2012	768
Duration of sentences, 1995 and 2012	768
Duration of sentences: change in proportions, 1995–2012	769
Duration of sentences, 1995–2012	769
Deaths and medical releases of prisoners	770
Natural and unnatural deaths of prisoners, and medical releases, 1996–2011	770
Natural and unnatural deaths of prisoners by cause of death, 2011	771
Parole	771
Offenders considered for parole and offenders granted parole, 2008/09–2009/10	771
Medical parole applications and approvals, 2008–10	771
International prison trends	772
International prison statistics, selected countries	772
DEFENCE	773
Personnel	773
Overall statistics	773
Department of Defence personnel by race and sex, Mar-12	773
Employment and vacancies by programme as at March 2012	774
Defence reserves by army division and race as at March 2011	774
Command structures by race and rank, April 2007	775
Privates as a proportion of total personnel, April 2007	775
Command structures by race and rank, April 2007	776
Command structures by sex and rank, April 2007	776
Department of Defence personnel by occupation, Mar-12	777
Affirmative action in the South African National Defence Force	777
measured against March 2012 employmentDepartment of Defence employment equity targets	777
Deployment outside South Africa	778
Peacekeeping operations in Africa, 2000–11	778
Number of people deployed for peacekeeping operations in Africa, 2000–11	778
International comparisons	779
Military expenditure and armed forces personnel, 2009	779
INTELLIGENCE SERVICES	780
Structures of South African Justice, Police, and Investigation Services	780
National Intelligence Coordinating Committee	780
Department of Justice	781
Public Protector	781
Special Investigating Unit	781
National Prosecuting Authority	782
Department of Police	782
Directorate for Priority Crime Investigation (Hawks)	782
Independent Police Investigative Directorate (IPID)	783
Department of State Security	784
Civilian Intelligence Services	784
Regulation of Interception of Communication and Provision of Communication Related Information	784
General Intelligence Laws Amendment Bill	785
PRIVATE SECURITY	786
Security businesses, security officers, and sworn SAPS officials, 1997–2011	786
Active security officers and sworn police officials, 1998–2011	786
Active registered security businesses by sector, 2005–11	787
Active registered security businesses by province, 2005 and 2011	787

Politics and Government

The 60-page Politics and Government chapter provides an up-to-date analysis of the political landscape of South Africa. It details party representation at national, provincial, and local level and provides data on audit performance of all tiers of government. A new section presents information on charitable giving. The chapter also covers opinion polls over the last decade on issues such as government performance, social cohesion, race relations, and international indices comparing South Africa’s democracy with the rest of the world.

2012-Survey----Politics-and-Government-(WEB)-1.jpg

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